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Antibacterial, pH Neutralizing, and Remineralizing Fillers in Polymeric Restorative Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Maria S. Ibrahim, Michael D. Weir, Hockin H.K. Xu
Odontoblasts and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells can be recruited to induce reparative dentin formation by the use of pulp-capping materials to protect the dental pulp from further insults and prevent the onset of pulpitis (Goldberg and Smith 2004). Zinc oxide eugenol was found ineffective in healing the pulp (Glass and Zander 1949). Most probably, the release of eugenol is highly toxic and interferes with diminishing the pulpal inflammation (Hume 1984).
An overview of the plant-mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their antimicrobial potential
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Sadia Akbar, Isfahan Tauseef, Fazli Subhan, Nighat Sultana, Ibrar Khan, Umair Ahmed, Kashif Syed Haleem
Medical properties of zinc oxide have been known for years. Calamine lotion, containing a mixture of iron oxide (Fe2O3) with zinc oxide, is employed as a topical treatment for pain and itching from poison oak, poison ivy, poison sumac, rashes, sunburns and insect bites. Zinc oxide combined with eugenol ligand, called zinc oxide eugenol, is used as a prosthodontic and restorative in dentistry.[126,127] Zinc oxide is a component of a variety of skin products, such as antiseptic ointments, anti-dandruff shampoos, barrier creams to treat diaper rashes, baby powder and calamine cream.[128] It is also used in zinc oxide tape as a bandage by athletes, to avoid soft tissue damage during workouts.[129] Zinc oxide powder is generally utilized to induce antimicrobial effect but when zinc oxide nanoparticles are used, it results in an enhancement of its antimicrobial potential due to the photocatalytic ability of nanoparticles under UV and a huge increase in the surface area available for the microbes to be exposed.[130] Reflecting the basic properties of zinc oxide, zinc oxide nanoparticles are added into materials including rubber, oral care products and cotton fabrics[131,132] for deodorizing and antibacterial activities.[123] Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for antibacterial,[99] antifungal,[133] and for drug delivery applications.[134] The demonstrated antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles recommends its potential application in the food packaging and preservation field.[135,136] Nanoscale zinc oxide is a constituent of lotions, creams and ointments to treat sunburn and other skin damages caused by ultraviolet light. It is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a sunscreen because it is completely photo-stable and the broadest spectrum UVA and UVB reflector.[94]