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Impact of Nanotechnology in Biorefineries
Published in Madan L. Verma, Nanobiotechnology for Sustainable Bioenergy and Biofuel Production, 2020
Rekha Kushwaha, Santosh Kumar, Balraj Singh Gill, Navgeet, Madan Lal Verma
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the best transition metal oxide and can be used as nanoparticles for biodiesel production from crude algae oil, corn oil from DDGs, crude palm oil, crude soybean oil, crude coconut oil, waste cooking oil, food-grade soybean oil and food-grade soybean oil (Yan et al. 2010, Viswanatha et al. 2012). The ZnO nanoparticles is an efficient, heterogeneous, reusable and eco-friendly catalyst. The high catalytic activity, long catalyst life, and low leaching properties demonstrate these modified ZnO nanoparticles have potential in a commercial biodiesel production process (Sachdeva and Saroj 2013, Yan et al. 2010). Kim et al. (2013) used zinc nitrate as a source of zinc for the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles and synthesized the biodiesel by using supercritical methanol method from the transesterification of rapeseed oil.
Fabrication and Functionalization of Other Inorganic Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites
Published in Vineet Kumar, Praveen Guleria, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Functionalized Nanomaterials I, 2020
Kiranmai Mandava, Uma Rajeswari B.
To overcome this issue, a method was developed to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles by employing a biotemplate, the cage-shaped protein apoferritin, in which the cavities worked as chemical reaction vessels with uniform size (Yoko et al., 2012). Free-base porphyrin and zinc-porphyrin are promising alternatives for photochemical and photoelectrochemical applications due to their ultrafast electron injection, slow charge recombination kinetics, and high absorption coefficients. Therefore, the carboxylic group containing base porphyrins would be used to functionalize zinc oxide nanoparticles for sensitizing the photoelectrochemical efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles to be used as biosensors (Tu et al., 2011). Recently, efforts have made in the dispersion and surface functionalization of three metal oxide nanoparticles such as titania, zinc oxide, and ceria for photocatalytic functions, sunscreen applications, and ultraviolet blocking. The formation and surface functionalization of zinc oxide nanoparticles can often be achieved at near room temperature using zinc nitrate and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, which is a polydentate ligand that can be used as a functionalizing agent (Faure et al., 2013).
Design of ZnO Nano-Architectures and Its Applications
Published in Kuan Yew Cheong, Two-Dimensional Nanostructures for Energy-Related Applications, 2017
Wai Kian Tan, Go Kawamura, Atsunori Matsuda
The presence of the ZnO nanocrystal seed layer during the initial stage of the process is crucial because it provides heterogeneous nucleation sites for ZnO formation. As ZnO is a polar crystal, each Zn atom is tetrahedrally coordinated to four O atoms and vice versa. The alternating arrangement of Zn2+ and O2− ions along the c-axis gives either positive or negative charges, depending on the terminating ions. These electrostatic charges attract ions of the opposite charge and lead to the accumulation of Zn (OH)2 or Zn (OH)2 (NH3)4 on the existing grains. In the report by Yu et al. (2011), the controlled formation of either ZnO nanorods, nanowires or nanosheets could be done by changing the precursors used such as zinc chloride, zinc nitrate and zinc acetate during the hydrothermal process.
Investigation on the Feasibility of the Use of Biosolid-Soil Mixtures for Zinc Retention in Waste Landfill Barriers
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2023
Fabiana Artuso, Juliana Lukiantchuki, José Oliveira, Samuel Tarazona, Márcio Almeida, Cláudia Telles Benatti
After the saturation, the centrifuge was stopped and the free water table above the soil removed and replaced by a volume equivalent to 1.5–2.0 times the specimen pore volume of the zinc solution which was considered enough regarding the present research. The zinc solution was prepared with zinc nitrate [Zn (NO3)3∙6H2O] at a concentration of 150 mg/L. Afterward, the equipment was set to spin again, the zinc percolation procedure was carried out at 50 g. The leached passed through the specimen until reach the bottom drainage of the box where a small reservoir was attached to the swing basket and connected to the drainage system (Figure 1). A vacuum pump was used to pump the liquid from the reservoir out of the centrifuge at pre-established periods of time.