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Industrial Ecology for Waste Minimization, Utilization, and Treatment
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Waste oil generated from lubricants and hydraulic fluids is one of the more commonly recycled materials. Annual production of waste oil in the United States is of the order of 4 billion L. Around half of this amount is burned as fuel and lesser quantities are recycled or disposed as waste. The collection, recycling, treatment, and disposal of waste oil are all complicated by the fact that it comes from diverse, widely dispersed sources and contains several classes of potentially hazardous contaminants. These are divided between organic constituents (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons) and inorganic constituents (aluminum, chromium, and iron from wear of metal parts; barium and zinc from oil additives; formerly, lead from leaded gasoline).
Compression-Ignition Engine Combustion
Published in Kenneth M. Bryden, Kenneth W. Ragland, Song-Charng Kong, Combustion Engineering, 2022
Kenneth M. Bryden, Kenneth W. Ragland, Song-Charng Kong
Biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), which are produced through the transesterification of triglycerides in vegetable oil. Triglycerides react with methanol by the use of a catalyst (e.g., sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) to produce biodiesel and glycerin. The standard recipe uses 100 kg of oil with 21.7 kg of methanol and 1.5 kg of catalyst to produce 100 kg of biodiesel and 10.4 kg of glycerin with excess methanol. The source of oil can come from various agricultural products (e.g., soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, canola, palm, Jatropha, algae), restaurant waste oil, and animal fat. Mixtures of FAME can be easily produced, but only those that meet the biodiesel fuel standards can be certified as biodiesel. B20 is a mixture of 20% biodiesel by volume in diesel fuel. In general, biodiesel has better lubricity and a higher cetane number (~55) than regular diesel fuels. Combustion of biodiesel produces lower particulate, CO, and hydrocarbons emissions because it contains oxygen in the fuel molecules; however, it produces slightly higher NOX emissions, possibly because of higher combustion temperatures. Successful adoption of biodiesel for the fleet requires careful fuel management because certain fuel properties can deteriorate at low temperatures, causing negative effects on the fuel system.
The Environment Today
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
Waste oil is basically oil that has been used in engines or for other purposes. It usually contains breakdown products and impurities from the use. Some examples of waste oil are used oils such as hydraulic oil, transmission oil, brake fluids, motor oil, crankcase oil, gearbox oil and synthetic oil. Many of the same problems associated with natural petroleum exist with waste oil. When waste oil from vehicles drips out of engines onto streets and roads, the oil travels into the water table bringing with it such toxins as benzene. This poisons both soil and drinking water. Runoff from storms carries waste oil into rivers and oceans, poisoning them as well.
Optimization of biodiesel yield and diesel engine performance from waste cooking oil by response surface method (RSM)
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2021
In the world, petroleum fuels are the main energy sources in energy consumption. Due to decreasing in the reserve of fossil fuels, researchers have become to search for renewable energy sources (Damanik et al. 2019). Biodiesel is a kind of alternative fuel that produced from vegetable oils, waste oils and animal fats (Altaie et al. 2015; Fadhil and Saeed 2016; Sutrisno et al. 2020). It has better features compared to diesel fuel such as it is renewable, nontoxic, biodegradable, better combustion efficiency, lower exhaust emissions and higher cetane number (Boz and Sunal 2009; Fadhil and Ahmed 2016; Ayoob and Fadhil 2019; Samuel and Gulum 2019; Hazrat et al. 2020; Rizwanu Fattah et al. 2020). It can be used in pure form or blended with diesel fuel in diesel engines (Fadhil, Aziz, and Altamer 2018). Waste cooking oils are edible oils but it is environmentally friendly for it recycles and cheaper than vegetable oils. Using waste oil has advantages such as economic, environmental and waste management (Degfie, Mamo, and Mekonnen, 2019; Fadhil et al. 2016; Vargas et al. 2020).
Application of Box–Behnken design for circulating flow sono-electrocoagulation for oily wastewater treatment
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2022
Hana Posavcic, Ivan Halkijevic, Drazen Vouk, Morana Druskovic
With the development of industry, the amounts of waste oil are increasing. According to the studies, most waste oil is generated in petrochemical, metallurgical, maritime, manufacturing and mechanical industries.[1] Oily wastewater is a mixture of wastewater and oil, where oil includes light and heavy hydrocarbons, tars, greases, waxes, etc.[1,2] Industrial mass production of oily wastewater pollutes the environment, including drinking water, groundwater, air and soil. This phenomenon ultimately has a negative impact on human health.[3]
Gutter oil, an alternative collector to traditional diesel collector for cleaner flotation of fine coal
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Chun-Chen Nie, Xiang-Nan Zhu, Qiang Wang, Xian-Jun Lyu, Jun Qiu, Lin Li
The sustainable utilization of waste oil can improve its utility value and reduce the potential environmental risk. The research results reveal the excellent collecting performance of the gutter oil, providing a potential alternative collector for coal flotation, which expands the application range of the gutter oil. Because of the replacement of the traditional diesel collectors, the flotation process becomes cleaner and more environmentally friendly.