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Repellent Finishes
Published in Menachem Lewin, Stephen B. Sello, Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: Chemical Processing of Fibers and Fabrics, 2018
Water repellents with a chlorotriazine or vinyl sulfone functional group react with cellulose in the presence of alkali. Therefore, they are not compatible with cross-linking reactants requiring acid catalysis for the reaction with cellulose. This limitation, in addition to the cost, is one of several reasons why fiber-reactive chemistry developed for dyes has not been successfully adaptable to repellent finishing.
Microwaves in Lactam Chemistry
Published in Banik Bimal Krishna, Bandyopadhyay Debasish, Advances in Microwave Chemistry, 2018
Dr. Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Bimal Krishna Banik
DFT studies showed the reactivity of the dienophile (16) was augmented by introducing another sulfone moiety into the vinyl sulfone scaffold (19). As predicted from the computational (DFT) studies, a hetero-Diels–Alder reaction took place and 2-azetidinone was not formed during the process, consequently, δ-lactam (20) was isolated as the sole product (Scheme 10.8).
Direct, Discharge and Resist Styles of Printing
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Principles of Textile Printing, 2023
This method is popular in the cottage sector, as expensive fixation machinery can be dispensed of. This method is quite successful with vinyl sulfone dyes. Guar gum and its derivatives may be used instead of sodium alginate as these gums may coagulate in sodium silicate, preventing bleeding in wet condition during batching.
Insight into the adsorptive mechanisms of methyl violet and reactive orange from water—a short review
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2023
Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd Faizal, Nicky Rahmana Putra, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
Reactive orange 16 (RO16), often known as Remazol brilliant orange 3R, is an anionic azo reactive dye that is made up of azo –N=N– (chromophore) along with hydroxyl (solubilizing), and amine and substituted amine (auxochrome) (Pal 2017). The sodium salt of sulfonic acid that solubilizes in water consists of chlorotriazine or vinyl sulfone reactive groups (Teli 2015). Reactive dye exhibits favorable characteristics of bright color and water-fastness (Ahmad and Rahman 2011). Like MV, RO16 is also applied in textile, paint, pharmaceutical, leather, printing, paper, and wood (Kim, Lee, and Cho 2015; Abdulhameed, Jawad, and Mohammad 2019). The azo compound renders RO16 to be biologically impenetrable (Fathi et al. 2020). Thus, it bears similar drawbacks to other synthetic dyes. Excessive contact with RO16 can result in skin and eyes irritation, allergy, asthma, genetic mutation, dermatitis, jaundice, and cancer (Naushad et al. 2016; Abdulhameed, Jawad, and Mohammad 2019; Tanhaei, Ayati, and Sillanpää 2019). In the aquatic ecosystem, the disruption of photosynthetic activity indirectly endows a toxic environment to organisms therein due to the presence of aromatic compounds (Abdulhameed, Jawad, and Mohammad 2019; Ma et al. 2019).
A walk around the decarboxylative C-S cross-coupling reactions
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2019
Akram Hosseinian, Parvaneh Delir Kheirollahi Nezhad, Sheida Ahmadi, Zahra Rahmani, Aazam Monfared
One year later, Cai and co-workers reported the first example of visible light promoted decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions of alkenyl acids with sulfonyl hydrazides using molecular oxygen as the sole terminal oxidant under transition-metal-free conditions [38]. They showed that the coupling of various cinnamic acids 44 with (het)arylsulfonyl hydrazides 45 in the presence of 1 mol% of photocatalyst eosin Y, 1.0 equiv. of KI and 3.0 equiv. of Cs2CO3 in a 15:1 mixture of DMF/H2O under visible light irradiation gave corresponding vinyl sulfones 46 in moderate to excellent yields (Scheme 20). However, heteroaromatic alkenyl acids failed to give the corresponding product under this reaction condition. The mechanism proposed to explain this transformation start with the formation of excited state of eosin Y* via the excitation of eosin Y under visible light irradiation, which reacts with sulfonyl hydrazide 45 to produce radical A. Subsequently, this highly active radical undergoes electron transfer with oxygen to form intermediate B, which after a N-H abstraction affords intermediate C. Then, this intermediate loses a nitrogen to give the key sulfonyl radical D. Its reaction with cinnamate acid 44, followed by a sequential oxidation and iodine anion capture leads to intermediate E. Finally, the elimination of one molecule of carbon dioxide and iodine anion affords the expected vinyl sulfone derivatives 46 (Scheme 21).
Biodegradation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R using isolated bacterial culture (Staphylococcus sp. K2204)
Published in Environmental Technology, 2018
Karthikeyan Velayutham, Anil Kumar Madhava, Mohanapriya Pushparaj, Amudha Thanarasu, Thiruselvi Devaraj, Karthik Periyasamy, Sivanesan Subramanian
The anthraquinone textile dye; Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) is an industrially important anthracene-derivative, used as a precursor in the production of polymeric dyes and also finds application in the surface modification of the magnetic nanoparticles [1,2]. These dyes have electrophilic vinyl-sulfone group with mutagenic effects and are generally classified as recalcitrant [3]. Numerous reports are available for mitigating the RBBR-contaminated water bodies such as thermal pressure-mediated hydrolysis, ozonation, integrated persulfate and zero valent iron oxidation, ultrasound-assisted electrochemical degradation and biosorption [3–5]. Despite being efficient in decolorizing RBBR solutions, these conventional physico-chemical methods face difficulties in eliminating the toxicity of the dyes.