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Organic Chemicals
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Trimethylbenzenes are used as chemical intermediates for paint thinners, perfumes, dyes, and fuel additives. Seven-and-a-half percent of the chemically sensitive studied at the EHC-Dallas had trimethylbenzene in their blood, suggesting that, for some reason, these carcinogens and others may bioaccumulate in susceptible patients and thereby play a role in the induction and/or propagation of chemical hypersensitivity. Low levels can cause headache, fatigue, drowsiness, irritation of the skin, and chemical pneumatics.
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Published in Natan B. Vargaftik, Lev P. Filippov, Amin A. Tarzimanov, Evgenii E. Totskii, Yu. A. Gorshkov, Handbook of Thermal Conductivity of Liquids and Gases, 2020
Natan B. Vargaftik, Lev P. Filippov, Amin A. Tarzimanov, Evgenii E. Totskii, Yu. A. Gorshkov
1,2,4–Trimethyl benzene (pseudocumene) C9H12. Table 18.5 shows the thermal conductivity values, which should be accurate to 2–3 percent at 0.1 MPa and 5–6 percent at elevated pressures.
Lung function in oil spill responders 4-6 years after the Deepwater Horizon disaster
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2020
Kaitlyn G. Lawrence, Alexander P. Keil, Stavros Garantziotis, David M. Umbach, Patricia A. Stewart, Mark R. Stenzel, John A. McGrath, W. Braxton Jackson, Richard K. Kwok, Matthew D. Curry, Lawrence S. Engel, Dale P. Sandler
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster was the largest oil spill in US history. Tens of thousands of oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers deployed on land and water were exposed to a range of inhalation hazards (Stewart et al. 2018). Primary air emissions of concern included hydrocarbons from the crude oil leaking from the wellhead (Middlebrook et al. 2012). Crude oil is primarily made up of hydrocarbons, which contain chemicals linked to adverse health such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-/m-/p-xylene, and hexane (BTEX-H), trimethylbenzenes (TMBs) and n-alkanes (C8-C40) (ATSDR 1999). Adverse health effects of the BTEX-H chemicals include respiratory dysfunction (Bolden, Kwiatkowski, and Colborn 2015). Benzene has been associated with wheeze (Buchdahl et al. 2000), asthma symptoms (Billionnet et al. 2011; Gordian, Stewart, and Morris 2010; Paciencia et al. 2016), bronchitis (Hirsch et al. 1999), and reduced lung function (Hirsch et al. 1999; Yoon et al. 2010).
Alkyl transfer reactions on solid acids. The disproportionation of ethylbenzene and toluene on H-mordenite and HY zeolites
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2018
During the early stages of the reaction in Figure 4 (first 3 h), there was a xylene deficit caused by secondary disproportionation of xylene to toluene and the trimethylbenzenes, and the diffusion rate through the catalyst which favored the smaller benzene. The same behavior was observed after 10 h during the reaction but then this was due to restricted diffusion by carbon deposition in the zeolite.