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Valuable Compounds Extraction from Cereal Waste and By-Products
Published in Francisco J. Barba, Elena Roselló-Soto, Mladen Brnčić, Jose M. Lorenzo, Green Extraction and Valorization of By-Products from Food Processing, 2019
Manuel Viuda-Martos, Juana Fernández-López, José Angel Pérez-Álvarez
Tocols, basically formed by tocopherols and tocotrienols, are a series of chemical compounds called vitamin E (Figure 6.4). Cereals are a very important source of vitamin E, since in its composition, it has both tocopherols and tocotrienols. However, it must be taken into account that its concentration and composition depend very much on the type of cereal as well as on the part of the cereal used, whether the endosperm, germ, or bran. This group includes eight naturally occurring isomers: four tocopherols (α-tocopherols, β-tocopherols, γ-tocopherols, and δ-tocopherols) and four tocotrienols (α-tocotrienols, β-tocotrienols, γ-tocotrienols, and δ-tocotrienols) (Moore et al., 2005; Nielsen and Hansen, 2008). The main source of tocopherols is oils obtained from various vegetables, although it is also true that it is possible to find considerable amounts of tocopherols in some cereals. Thus, since cereals are a very important part of the diet of a large part of the world population; they, thus, become a very important source of tocopherols for these populations. Recent research shows that the considerable consumption of tocopherols exerts several beneficial effects on health, such as a reduction in the development of cardiovascular diseases, as well as various types of cancer (Das Gupta and Suh, 2016; Ju et al., 2009; Mathur et al., 2015).
Industrial Scope with High-Value Biomolecules from Microalgae
Published in Kalyan Gayen, Tridib Kumar Bhowmick, Sunil K. Maity, Sustainable Downstream Processing of Microalgae for Industrial Application, 2019
Chetan Paliwal, Asha A. Nesamma, Pannaga P. Jutur
Tocopherols are another class of lipid-soluble antioxidant biomolecules synthesized only in photosynthetic organisms (Maeda et al. 2005). They are amphipathic molecules made up of a chromanol polar head group attached with a phytyl chain (hydrophobic) and play a key role in inhibiting lipid peroxidation due to reactive oxygen species, along with participating in the signalling cascades and expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation (Wawrzyniak et al. 2013). α-tocopherol is the most abundant tocopherol and exhibits the highest in vivo antioxidant activity and functions in rendering membrane stability and electron transport chains. Tocopherol is widely used as a dietary supplement to prevent oxidative damages caused by stress or pollution, and it also has hypocholestemic, antimutagenic, and cardioprotective health benefits (Kottuparambil, Thankamony, and Agusti 2019).
Technology for Obtaining of Biopreparations and Investigation of Their Effectiveness
Published in Alexander V. Kutchin, Lyudmila N. Shishkina, Larissa I. Weisfeld, Gennady E. Zaikov, Ilya N. Kurochkin, Alexander N. Goloshchapov, Chemistry and Technology of Plant Substances, 2017
Tatyana V. Khurshkainen, Alexander V. Kutchin
The group of neutral compounds includes carotene, the predecessor of vitamin A, which is an antioxidant. Tocopherol (vitamin E) is also important antioxidant. Essential oils are widely used in perfumes and cosmetic industry and in medicines. The main components of essential oils are a- and P-pinene, camphene, A3-carene, bornyl acetate, and borneol. Abieswood greenery contains five times more volatile oils than a Pinus and Picea ones combined. Essential oils possess antibacterial activity.
Chitosan nano-composites applications for water remediation
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Ashwaq M. Alnemari, Moustapha E. Moustapha, Amr A. Hassan, Dina Salah
Studying antimicrobial activities against different pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi, using chitosan biopolymer conjugated with various nanomaterials attracted many researchers. Bi et al. compared two different membranes by adding D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) to silicon oxide nanoparticles into Chitosan or Chitosan alone. α-tocopherol is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects the cell membrane against lipid peroxidation. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles are stable, nontoxic, and also safe food additives. And its addition to chitosan improves its mechanical strength, heat resistance, gas barrier, also antimicrobial effects. Adding (TPGS) to the complex changes their physical and chemical properties, such as crystallinity, moisture content, water vapour/oxygen permeability, tensile strength, and elongation upon distortion. Their studies show better TPGS/silicon dioxide nanoparticles/chitosan membrane properties than TPGS/chitosan. This membrane also showed enhanced free radical capture and oxidative stability, so it is a good antioxidant and enhances antimicrobial activity against four different food pathogens. This membrane can be used as a protective food-packing protecting layer (Z. Khan & AL-Thabaiti, 2022).
Preparation of α-Tocopherol based nanoemulsion for efficacious delivery of Methotrexate
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Jyoti Rathee, Rohini Kanwar, Laxmi Kumari, Sandip V. Pawar, Deepak B. Salunke, Surinder Kumar Mehta
MTX solubility in the oil phase is an essential criterion to formulate a stable NEm. If the drug is found to be less soluble then there are chances of its precipitation after the dilution step. A higher drug’s solubility in the oil phase allows higher drug loading within the NEm.[9] MTX solubility in a variety of oils like clove oil, corn oil, lemon oil, α-Tocopherol, Miglyol 812 was assessed using UV-vis spectroscopy. The calculated extinction coefficient (ε) of the drug was 0.0517 μg−1 mL cm −1. The concentration of MTX was determined using ε. Out of all oils, MTX showed the highest solubility in the α-Tocopherol oil (70.328 μg/mL) (Table 1). Apart from its high solubility, α-Tocopherol is the main constituent of vitamin E and exhibits strong antiproliferative activity against cancerous cell lines.[10,16,17] Hence, α-Tocopherol has been selected as the primary oil in the NEm.
Vertical alignment of liquid crystal on tocopherol-substituted polystyrene films
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2018
Taehyung Kim, Changha Ju, Hyo Kang
Tocopherol has been widely known as a component of plant-based resources and extracted from nuts like almond and rice bran and so on [40,41]. Because tocopherol-constituted phenolic group has been known to have antioxidant and antibacterial function in human body, it can prevent damage to the cell membrane. For example, membranes of male germ cell and spermatozoa are composed of polyunsaturated fatty acid which is sensitive to oxidation [42,43]. Tocopherol inhibits the chain propagation step occurred in autoxidation of the lipid making up the cells [44–47]. Therefore, male productive ability, producing spermatozoa, can be improved by taking tocopherol-containing agent. Tocopherol has been also known to reduce the topical skin damage by ultraviolet (UV) light [48]. Furthermore, when cancer patients, especially patients with prostate cancer, take tocopherol, the risk of developing cancer decreases, as previously studied by other research group [49]. The hydroxy group of phenolic compounds in the tocopherol can bind to reactive polymers because it acts as a nucleophile that can be modified into the polymer structure. In addition, utilising hydroxy group as a nucleophile, it is possible to modify to various substrates and control surface properties such as wettability on the modified substrates [50,51].