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2 nanoparticles for potential applications in membranes
Published in Alberto Figoli, Jan Hoinkis, Sacide Alsoy Altinkaya, Jochen Bundschuh, Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for Water Treatment, 2017
Tiziana Marino, Marcel Boerrigter, Mirko Faccini, Christiane Chaumette, Lawrence Arockiasamy, Jochen Bundschuh, Alberto Figoli
This simple, cost-effective and low-temperature synthesis procedure has also been favored and largely applied in catalyst preparation due to its potential to fabricate catalysts with high purity, homogeneity, fine-scale and controllable morphology. Various photocatalysts have been fabricated by the sol-gel process, including ZrO2, Sr TiO3, ZnO, WO3 and TiO2 (Chen et al., 2011; Djaoued et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2011; Yu et al., 2011). Specifically for TiO2, titanium alkoxides (such as titanium isopropoxide, titanium n-butoxide), alcohol, and acid/water are introduced into the reaction system. After stirring for several hours, densely cross-linked three-dimensional structures are built and terminated as TiO2 gel (Bai et al., 2005; Gupta and Tripathi, 2012; Macwan et al., 2011).
Chapter 4 Mesoporous Structured Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells
Published in Jian Liu, San Ping Jiang, Mesoporous Materials for Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion Technologies, 2017
Kamel Eid, Liang Wang, Hongjing Wang
Interestingly, the pore size and the thickness of the porous metal films can be carefully controlled by adjusting the mother structures of the AAO templates [66–69]. The most common synthetic approaches used for the fabrication of porous structures based on hard templates are electrochemical deposition and solution-based synthesis methods sol gel and layer by layer assembly (LbL) [11]. Martin et al. synthesized quantum dots metal oxide with different morphologies including nanotubes and fibrils by using sol gel method in the presence of AAO template [71]. In particular, for the preparation of TiO2 AAO a template is immersed in a solution of titanium isopropoxide precursor, ethanol and water in the presence of HCl as a catalyst. This is followed by drying, heating and polishing the AAO to remove the excess amount of TiO2 before eroding the templates by alkaline etching for obtaining TiO2 nanotubes or fibrils. The same method is vulnerable for the synthesis of other 1D semiconductor metal oxides such as MnO2, V2O5, Co3O4, ZnO, WO3 and SiO2.
Chemical vapour deposition
Published in Michel Houssa, κ Gate Dielectrics, 2003
Metal alkoxides, such as those shown in figure 2.2.5, are attractive as precursors due to their high vapour pressures and lower deposition temperatures. Titanium isopropoxide, Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4, has been the most widely used precursor for the deposition of titanium dioxide thin films [14–21]. High-quality films can be deposited from Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4 either by direct thermolysis, equations (2.2.3) and (2.2.4), or by hydrolysis, equation (2.2.5). () Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4→ΔTiO2+2CH3CHCH2+2(CH3)2CHOH () Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4→ΔTiO2+4CH3CHCH2+2H2O () Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4+2H2O→ΔTiO2+4(CH3)2CHOH
Influences of TiO2 or Y2O3 doping on the homogeneity of polycrystalline Al2O3 produced by pulsed electric current sintering
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2021
Huu Hien Nguyen, Takashi Shirai, Yuzin Xin, Quoc Khanh Dang, Makoto Nanko
The precursor for TiO2 dopant, titanium isopropoxide Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4 (Nacalai Tesque), was mixed with Al2O3 powder in ethanol at the concentration of 0.1 mol%. The aqueous solution was mixed well by ball milling for 1 d and was calcined in air at approximately 400°C for 2 h. The dried powder was milled manually by a mortar and a pestle. After that, the TS-PECS processes were conducted similarly to the undoped Al2O3 powder. The sintering temperature for TiO2-doped Al2O3 powder was 930 or 1000°C in the first holding step and 1130 or 1200°C in the second holding step. Other conditions of the TS-PECS processes were similar to those of the undoped Al2O3.
Photocatalytic behavior of titania coatings fabricated by suspension and solution precursor plasma spray processes
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2021
S. T. Aruna, A. Vismaya, N. Balaji
Titanium isopropoxide (TIP, Aldrich Chemie, USA) was used as a source of TiO2 for the synthesis of titania precursor solution for SPPS. The titania sol composition that was optimized in the laboratory for corrosion-resistant coating was used. The sol was made by mixing 5 ml of acetic acid (Merck Limited, Mumbai) with 50 ml of ethanol and was mixed for 5 min to which 6.3 ml of TIP was dropped and stirred well. The obtained TiO2 sol was used for plasma spraying. The process is single-step, there is no need for any additives or dispersants and within 10–15 min the sol is prepared for spraying. An additional advantage is that there is no clogging of nozzles that is a common problem encountered in SPS.
Mesoporous activated TiO2/based biochar synthesized from fish scales as a proficient adsorbent for deracination of heavy metals from industrial efflux
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Hafiz Abdul Mannan, Raziya Nadeem, Shamsa Bibi, Tariq Javed, Iram Javed, Arif Nazir, Mehr-un Nisa, Maryam Batool, Muhammad Idrees Jilani
Titanium dioxide nanoparticle was prepared by green synthesis. First, leaf extract of Putranjiva Roxburghi was synthesized which can be used as capping agent, reducing agent and stabilizing agent. Titanium isopropoxide was used as precursor for TiO2 NPs synthesis.