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Medium Design for Cell Culture Processing
Published in Wei-Shou Hu, Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, 2020
Thiamine (vitamin B1) participates in biochemical reactions as thiamine pyrophosphate. It forms a transient C–C bond with the α-carbon of α-keto acid in α-keto acid dehydrogenase reactions to facilitate the departure of CO2 in the decarboxylation reaction. It is also a coenzyme of transketolase in the pentose phosphate pathway.
Bioethanol production from sugarcane molasses with supplemented nutrients by industrial yeast
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Hasan Shahriar Raby, Md Anowar Saadat, Ahmed Nazmus Sakib, Fatema Moni Chowdhury, Abu Yousuf
The effects of thiamine on baker’s yeast under various abiotic stress conditions; like oxidative stress, thermal stress, and osmotic stress have been studied and confirmed the involvement in the stress response of yeast [28]. Thiamine was successfully synthesized using Brewer’s yeast; called as S. cerevisiae from a thiamine depleted broth culture. However Bataillon et al. [29] discovered that fermentation with thiamine-depleted grape juice had a very low fermentation rate. This indicates that thiamine is critical during fermentation as among the essential micronutrients for yeast development and metabolic activity. Irrespective of the inside or outside of the cell, yeast transformed thiamine to the biochemically active state which is thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). It takes place before entering metabolic pathways [30, 31].
Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis and antimicrobial assessment of 1,3-thiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazines
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2021
Sara N. Shabaan, Basma Saad Baaiu, Anhar Abdel-Aziem, Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz
Green chemistry is the process that minimizes the use of hazardous substances. In recent decades, the application of green methodologies that are environmentally friendly and can minimize chemical disposal and energy consumption became the goal of organic chemists. One of the green chemistry techniques is ultrasound irradiation (sonochemistry). Ultrasound irradiation is widely utilized as an alternative source of energy to enhance the yield of the chemical reactions (1–3) in high yields, short reaction times, economically attractive and pure products compared to traditional methods (4–7). Ultrasound technology has recently been used to accelerate a large number of organic reactions (8,9). Thiazoles displayed diverse biological activities such as anticancer (10–16), anti-inflammatory (17,18), antimicrobial (19–26), anti-diabetic (27,28), antioxidant (29,30), and anticonvulsant (31). Thiazoles are found in many potent bioactive synthetic drugs such as Sulphathiazole and Meloxicam. Moreover, many natural products have thiazole scaffolds such as thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) and thiamin (vitamin B1). Cystothiazole A (antibiotic) was isolated in 1998 from the myxobacterium culture (Figure 1). In addition, 1,3,4-thiadiazines possess pharmacological activities including antibacterial and antifungal (32–34) and anticancer (35,36) activities. Based on the information provided and as an extension of our green synthesis (37–39), our efforts have directed to a green, efficient and rapid procedure for the synthesis of new series of 1,3-thiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazine by utilizing ultrasound irradiation under solvent-free condition and evaluate their antimicrobial activity.