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Chemicals from Olefin Hydrocarbons
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Ethylene oxide (also called epoxyethane, oxirane) is a cyclic ether and is the simplest epoxide with faintly sweet odor and colorless flammable gas at room temperature. Ethylene oxide is important to the production of detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylene glycol, ethanolamine derivatives, simple and complex glycols, polyglycol ethers, and other compounds. It is extremely flammable and explosive and is used as the main ingredient in the manufacturing of thermobaric weapons.
Insights on self-assembly of carbon in the processes of thermal transformations under high pressures
Published in Functional Diamond, 2023
V. A. Davydov, V. N. Agafonov, T. Plakhotnik, V. N. Khabashesku
The pressure was determined by using a calibration curve, i.e. the dependence of pressure in the reaction zone of apparatus on press load at room temperature, created on basis of pressure values for polymorphic transitions in reference metals (bismuth and barium) registered by the detection of corresponding spikes in electric resistance of these metals. The accepted in this work pressure values for known phase transitions were the following: Bi (I–II) = 2.55 ± 0.01 GPa, Bi (II–III) = 2.69 ± 0.01 GPa, and Bi(V–VI) = 7.67 ± 0.18 GPa [16]. This methodology scheme helps in determination of the value of initial pressure (Po) at room temperature used as a nominal pressure in the experimental parameters with an error not exceeding 0.2 GPa. Note, that this error relates to the error for determination of pressure of the initial compressed state of the studied system at room temperature. The actual value of the pressure in the reaction zone during thermobaric transformations, especially accompanied by the release of gaseous products or a significant change in the density of the solid-phase components of the system, may differ significantly from Po. Unfortunately, the implementation of direct control over the evolution of pressure in the reaction zone in the processes of active transformations in the region of the highest pressures and temperatures often turns out to be a very difficult task.
The preliminary selection of oil reservoir in Serbia for carbon dioxide injection and storage by a multicriteria decision-making approach: a case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Lola Tomić, Vesna Karović Maričić, Dušan Danilović
In this study for preliminary selection of oil reservoir in Serbia for CO2 injection and storage by TOPSIS and VIKOR methods, the characteristics of a certain number of oil reservoirs that are in mature stage of production were considered. Based on analysis of reservoir and fluid characteristics, three candidate reservoirs for CO2 injection and storage were selected. Using the available data on reservoir and fluid properties, and by applying the empirical correlations for calculating the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) (Ahmad et al. 2016; Klewiah et al. 2017; Saini 2019) it was determined that CO2 injection under present reservoir thermobaric conditions would displace remaining oil in immiscible conditions (initial and current reservoir pressure are less than MMP).
Properties and phase behavior of Shtokman gas condensate at high pressure
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2019
V. G. Kutcherov, A. S. Lopatin
Glass transition process in the sample of Shtokman gas condensate was investigated at pressure up to 1.8 GPa in the wide temperature interval. The thermobaric conditions in which the glass transition process in the Shtokman gas condensate sample was observed is outside the pressure-temperature interval at which the extraction and transportation of the condensates take place. Equations for calculation of the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity per unit volume for Shtokman gas condensate in the temperature interval 250-373 K at pressure up to 1.8 GPa are presented. The data received is necessary for solving practical problems, including the problems of safety associated with the development and exploitation of Shtokman gas condensate field.