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EEMS2015 organizing committee
Published in Yeping Wang, Jianhua Zhao, Advances in Energy, Environment and Materials Science, 2018
Because hydrocarbon generation threshold is mainly controlled by thermal maturity of organic matter, hydrocarbon generation threshold is com- paratively easy to determine, and there are also a number of parameters to characterize it. As hydrocarbon expulsion is influenced by many fac- tors, and the amount of expelled hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon expulsion threshold is difficult to determine and figure out. From Rock Eval pyrolysis analysis, several parameters including S1, S2 and Tmax can be obtained. S1 represents dis- solved hydrocarbon quantity in the rock, S2 is the pyrolysis hydrocarbon quantity measured at high temperature, and (S1 S2) indicates residual hydro- carbon generation potential at present. Tmax is peak temperature corresponding to S2. TOC is the residual total organic carbon content, In previous studies, the parameters S1/TOC and (S1 S2)/TOC, called hydrocarbon generation potential index, were often used to determine the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold (Zhou and Pang, 2002; Pang et al., 2003). The moment this index reduced was
Petrographic composition of organic matter in the Kupferschiefer horizon of Poland
Published in Adam Piestrzyński, Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century, 2001
G. J. Nowak, S. Speczik, S. Oszczepalski
Primary (autochthonous) vitrinite has been used for reflectance measurements. The Ro ranges generally 0.76 - 1.13% (Speczik & Püttmann, 1987; Speczik, 1994; Sun et al., 1995; Oszczepalski, 1989; Oszczepalski et al., 2001, in press), indicating a low degree of maturation (Fig. 3). The highest values of Ro (1.03-1.13%)) is in vitrinite from the oxidized zone of the Kupferschiefer, whilst the vitrinite Ro towards the reduced facies. In the transitional zone the Ro ranges 0.72 - 1.13% and in the reduced facies vitrinite Ro is the lowest (0.72 – 0.86%). Summarising, measured vitrinite Ro data are indicative of a thermal maturity equivalent to the main stage of hydrocarbon generation – “oil window”.
Fracturing Chronology: Milestones of the Hydraulic Fracturing Process
Published in Ahmed Alzahabi, Mohamed Y. Soliman, Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stages and Sequencing in Unconventional Formations, 2018
Ahmed Alzahabi, Mohamed Y. Soliman
Specific parameters include thickness, depth, total organic carbon content, thermal maturity, brittleness, mineral composition, total porosity, net thickness, adsorbed gas, gas content, and geologic age. A database of these properties from 12 major North American shale plays (Barnett, Ohio, Antrim, New Albany, Lewis, Fayetteville, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, Marcellus, Woodford, Bakken, and Horn River) was established to guide the algorithm considering all the properties and potential approaches to future reservoir development.
Assessment of shale gas potential of the lower Permian transitional Shanxi-Taiyuan shales in the southern North China Basin
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2021
P. Li, J. C. Zhang, X. Tang, Z. P. Huo, Z. Li, K. Y. Luo, Z. M. Li
Thermal maturity is a key index to measure OM hydrocarbon generation in source rocks. Jarvie et al. (2005) considered the lower range of Ro in Barnett shale to be 1.1%, and lower (<1.1%) with the occurrence of dissolution-deposition process in shale that will damage the nature of gas reservoir; in contrast, excessive maturity may be detrimental to shale-gas preservation. The lower range of Ro in shale developed in North America is generally 1.1–1.3% (Curtis, 2002; Jarvie et al., 2007; Li et al., 2013). However, the Longmaxi shale and Shanxi-Taiyuan shales have a high maturity, 2.65 and 3.50%, respectively, indicating a high thermal evolution stage and characteristics of dry gas generation, and the Yanchang shale has a low maturity (0.94%), but its low gas content (<3 m3/t) is not comparable with that of Barnett shale (8.5–9.9 m3/t) (Curtis, 2002) (Figure 19).
Assessment of hydrocarbon generation potential of bituminous coal from Raniganj Basin, India
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Deepak Singh Panwar, Swapan Suman, A.K. Singh, V.K. Saxena, Ram Chandra Chaurasia
For the estimation of thermal maturity, the main parameter used are Tmax and vitrinite reflectance. Tmax of studied coal samples varies from 431 to 446°C. All samples lying in-between 430 and 470°C illustrate a mature stage carrying wet and dry gas (Jarvie 2012; McCarthy et al. 2011). The vitrinite reflectance (VRo %) and TOC are significant factors that influence oil and gas generation in source rock (Behar, Beaumont, and Penteado 2001; Hazra, Dutta, and Kumar 2017; Varma et al. 2014). The vitrinite reflectance (VRo %) and TOC value of studied samples vary from 0.59 to 0.72% and 53.31 to 59.74 wt%. The vitrinite reflectance value depicted that samples belong to high-volatile bituminous and intimate the gas generation in enormous amount. The vitrinite reflectance oil window is a thermal early mature region where liquid hydrocarbons such as oil are the preeminent product in association with gas. The cross-plot between Tmax and HI is shown in Figure 4 indicating that the sample lies in a mixture of Types II-III and Type-III kerogen (Hakimi et al. 2013; Panwar et al. 2017c).
Organic geochemical characteristics of Middle to Late Eocene Shahbazan Formation in Dezful Embayment, SW Iran: A case study from Qaleh-Nar oilfield
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2019
Bahram Alizadeh, Seyed Rasoul Seyedali, Bahram Habibnia
The process of hydrocarbon generation is mainly a function of thermal maturity. Sedimentary organic matter is converted to petroleum by temperature enhancement during increase in burial depth. The pyrolysis maturity data, including Tmax and PI, are considered to be the most important indicators to determine the level of thermal maturity (Peters and Cassa 1994). Cross-plot of PI versus Tmax (Figure 4) indicates that the studied samples are thermally mature and have already entered the oil window. Carbon preference index (CPI) achieved by GC analysis, is the other indicator of maturity. The value of this parameter is either remarkably above or considerably below 1 in thermally immature rocks, while it approaches 1 by increasing maturity (Peters, Walters, and Moldowan 2005). CPI ranges from 1.07 to 1.3 for the studied samples (Table 2), indicating that they are thermally mature.