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TIBCCO
Published in David A. Cardwell, David C. Larbalestier, I. Braginski Aleksander, Handbook of Superconductivity, 2023
Emilio Bellingeri, René Flükiger
Thallium and most of its compounds are potentially toxic. Hundreds of deaths have resulted from accidental, as well as homicidal and suicidal ingestion of Tl compounds. Another problem arises from the fact that soluble Tl compounds (e.g. TlNO3) can penetrate the unbroken skin adding another dimension to their hazard potential. Detailed safety prescriptions are given in “Hazardous substance fact sheets”, from the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (1998).
Role of Metals in Neurodegeneration
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Abhai Kumar, Smita Singh, Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia
Thallium (Tl) is a naturally occurring trace element and extremely toxic heavy metal, sparsely found in the earth’s crust (49). The anthropogenic sources are industrial processing of cements, non-industrial means such as rodenticide, and consumption of food from contaminated soil. Tl enters inside the body through inhalation and skin (49). Tl exposure leads to non-neurological symptoms such asalopecia, hepatic dysfunction, gastroenteritis and neurological disorder includes polyneuropathy, cranial nerve deficits, paresthesia, and loss of sensation, ataxia, and psychosis (49). Tl poisoning results in inhibition of an enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which breakdowns acetylcholine responsible for neurotransmission that might cause peripheral neuropathy (50). Tl concentration is lower in brain than other parts of the body, and the highest concentration is present in hypothalamus as reported earlier (51). Tl interferes with K+-dependent process because of the similarity in basic nature of univalent ions, which affects ATP generation; therefore, at cellular level, high level of Tl decreases ATP production, increases in ROS formation, glutathione oxidation, decreases in dopamine and serotonin level (49). The risk of exposure to general public is comparatively low, and no treatment is available due to lack of understanding in the signaling pathway of Tl. Complicated symptom results in misdiagnosis with Tl-induced neurotoxicity; therefore, basic mechanism for Tl-induced neurotoxicity needs to be elucidated.
Metals in the workplace
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Kerrie Burton, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
If thallium must be used, processes must be isolated and strict precautions taken to prevent dispersal of airborne dusts in the workplace (LEV) and skin contact (personal protective equipment). Hand-washing facilities and separate eating facilities are mandatory, and eating and smoking in the workplace and the wearing of work clothes to and from home should be forbidden.
A case-control study of thallium exposure with the risk of premature ovarian insufficiency in women
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2022
Xiaochen Ma, Wuye Pan, Zheying Zhu, Xiaoqing Ye, Chunming Li, Jianhong Zhou, Jing Liu
Although the concentration of thallium in natural circumstances is relatively low, its toxicity is much higher than other toxic metals, such as mercury, cadmium, and lead.8 Thallotoxicosis-related symptoms include muscle and joint pain, dizziness, weakness, and hair loss.9 Previous studies reported that chronic non-poisoning exposure to thallium caused a series of adverse reproductive outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight.10–12 One study of male partners of couples attending an infertility clinic in China reported that increased thallium concentration was associated with lower sperm motility.13 Higher thallium concentration was correlated with decreased estradiol levels, increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels, despite a lack of significance.13 An in vivo study demonstrated that long-term and environmental levels of thallium exposure caused abnormal ovarian development in zebrafish, including increased atretic follicles and degenerated oocytes, with decreased mature oocytes.14 These studies suggest that thallium exposure poses potential risks to human reproductive health.
Complexions therapy and severe intoxication by Thallium salts
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Maria Rayisyan, Natalia Zakharova, Liudmila Babaskina
To date, thallium and its compounds have found wide application in various fields of human activity, such as manufacturing of electronics, optical elements, photocells, measuring instruments, organic synthesis, as well as the production of fireworks, insecticides, pesticides, zoocides, etc.[4–9] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has included thallium in the list of priority pollutants as it is associated with a considerable number of domestic and industrial poisonings.[10]