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Published in Natan B. Vargaftik, Lev P. Filippov, Amin A. Tarzimanov, Evgenii E. Totskii, Yu. A. Gorshkov, Handbook of Thermal Conductivity of Liquids and Gases, 2020
Natan B. Vargaftik, Lev P. Filippov, Amin A. Tarzimanov, Evgenii E. Totskii, Yu. A. Gorshkov
1,2,3,4–Tetradihydronaphthalene (tetralin) C10H12. The thermal conductivity of the saturated liquid [127, 321] is given below: T,K ………………….300320340360λ·103,W/(mK)…130129128127
Visbreaking
Published in Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk, Petroleum Refining, 2019
Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk
One special case of hydrogen transfer reaction (Figure 24.4c) is the type of hydrogen transfer that is envisioned in hydrogen donor visbreaking (Section 24.2.3). Hydrogen donor solvents are molecules with a six-membered naphthenic ring that is preferably adjacent to an aromatic ring. This would provide the naphthenic ring with two benzylic carbons, each with hydrogen that is more easily abstracted by a transfer reaction. The molecule that exemplifies this structure is tetralin, or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. Consecutive hydrogen abstraction reactions cause tetralin to be dehydrogenated to naphthalene (Figure 24.6). Although the release of hydrogen is shown, the hydrogen is not released as H· but abstracted by other radical species and no free H· is released into solution. The product from repeated hydrogen transfer is a stable product and naphthalene can be hydrogenated again to produce tetralin.
Heavy Oil Recovery
Published in Chun Huh, Hugh Daigle, Valentina Prigiobbe, Maša Prodanović, Practical Nanotechnology for Petroleum Engineers, 2019
Chun Huh, Hugh Daigle, Valentina Prigiobbe, Maša Prodanović
Mohammad and Mamora (2008) used an organometallic iron catalyst, Fe(CH3COCHCOCH3), which is highly soluble in tetralin, to upgrade a Jobo (Venezuelan) heavy oil. Tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, C10H12) is a double-ring hydrocarbon which is widely used as a hydrogen donor for heavy oil upgrading reactions. At the temperature of 273°C, the combined use of the oil-soluble catalyst and tetralin was highly effective in reducing the viscosity of oil. Yufeng et al. (2009) compared the effectiveness of the water-soluble and oil-soluble catalysts in reducing the viscosity of Liaohe heavy oil. For their experiments, they separated out the asphaltene and some other portions from the oil and used them for the reaction and measured the degree of conversion of asphaltene and resin. They employed NiSO4 and FeSO4 as water-soluble catalysts; and Ni naphthenate and Fe naphthenate as oil-soluble catalysts. The conversion of asphaltene was 3.8–14.9% and that of resin was 8.1–22.9%; and the order of conversion effectiveness is Fe naphthenate >Ni naphthenate >FeSO4 >NiSO4.
Kinetics of naphthalene catalytic hydrogenation under high temperature and high pressure
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2020
Shiquan Bie, Hongbo Jiang, Wei Wang, Geping Shu, Xuwen Zhang, Hongxue Wang, Shansong Gao
The catalytic hydrogenation kinetic equations of naphthalene system with high hydrogen pressure were established based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson competitive adsorption theory. The naphthalene is hydrogenated to form tetralin firstly, then tetralin is hydrogenated to form trans-decalin and cis-decalin. The hydrogenation reaction rate of the first-ring is faster than that of the second-ring. The formation of trans-decalin is easier than that of cis-decalin, and the hydrogenation reaction is easier to happen than the dehydrogenation reaction. The adsorption constant of aromatic hydrocarbon decreases as the number of aromatic rings decreases.