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Formaldehyde
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Furfural is an important renewable, nonpetroleum-based, chemical feedstock. Hydrogenation of furfural provides furfuryl alcohol (FA), which is a useful chemical intermediate and which may be further hydrogenated to tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA). THFA is used as a nonhazardous solvent in agricultural formulations and as an adjuvant to help herbicides penetrate the leaf structure. Furfural is used to make other furan chemicals, such as furoic acid via oxidation1 and furan itself via palladium-catalyzed vapor-phase decarbonylation2. Furfural is also an important chemical solvent.
Selective aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural to cyclopentanol over Ni-based CNT catalysts
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Haihong Xia, Jing Li, Jun Zhao, Minghao Zhou, Jianchun Jiang
With the development of a novel catalysis process for the production of value-added bio-fuels and chemicals utilizing renewable materials instead of the consumption of fossil resources [1–4]. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to prepare bio-oils produced from fast pyrolysis of biomass, which was regarded as a promising bio-fuel [5–7]. However, biomass-derived materials contained abundant oxygenated compounds, including ether compounds, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, phenols [8–12] and so on, which resulted in a great challenge to transform bio-oils to high-value fuels. Furfural (FFR) was a typical chemical with numerous oxygenates and was particularly undesirable as fuel components. Through catalytic hydrogenation process, FFR could be converted to furfuryl alcohol (FFA) [13], tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) [14], 2-methylfuran (2-MF) [15], 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) [16], cyclopentanone (CPO) [17] and cyclopentanol (CPL) [18], which exhibited wide industrial application.
Recovery of waste biomass: pyrolysis and characterization of sugarcane residues and their bio-oils
Published in Biofuels, 2022
Jamilly A. S. Barros, Jaderson K. Schneider, Rafael O. Farrapeira, Yasmine B. Andrade, Laiza C. Krause, Thiago R. Bjerk, Elina B. Caramão
Furfural is produced from agricultural raw materials (or residues) rich in pentosan polymers (hemicellulose fraction) by acid degradation and its price is in the level of petrochemicals such as benzene and toluene [40]. Furfural derivatives are of great importance in the chemical industry, these substances allow some applications, such as the production of plastics, nylons, adhesives and lubricants. In addition, HMF has been used for the production of special phenolic resins, as well as several other polymerizable furanic monomers with promising properties. Through hydrogenation of furfural, furfuryl alcohol can be produced, which has a series of applications in the chemical industry, such as starting material in the production of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, in the manufacture of resins and as an intermediary in the production of fragrances and vitamin C [40]. 5-methyl-furfural is also applied in the preparation of air gel [41].
Synthesis and improvement of Jatropha curcas L. biodiesel based on eco-friendly materials
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2021
M. Ezeldin Osman, T. F. Sheshko, T.D Dipheko, N. E. Abdallah, E. A. Hassan, C. Y. Ishak
Furfural is largely obtained from biomass that has a plentiful of pentosans, such as corn cobs, sunflower husks, bagasse, and wood chips (Machado et al. 2016). On a commercial scale, furfural is manufactured by three major processes: the Chinese batch process, the Quaker batch process, and the Rosenlew continuous process. Furfural exhibits physico-chemical properties that are suitable for many applications. Amongst the physical properties of furfural, its physical strength, corrosion resistance, and thermosetting abilities are responsible for the usage of the material as a platform chemical (Dutta et al. 2012). It acts as a natural precursor to a large spectrum of furan-based compounds and solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, furoic acid, furfuryl alcohol, dihydropyran, methylyfuran, and methyltetrahydrofuran (Zhang et al. 2014). In our paper (Ezeldin et al. 2017), we have improved the physico-chemical properties of petro-diesel fuel using furfural. The furfural shows high ability in extraction of aromatic, cyclic, and branched hydrocarbons, a total of 81 organic compounds that exhibit a negative effect on quality of petro-diesel have been removed by furfural. All physicochemical characteristics of petro-diesel fuel were improved within permissible limits as-signed by ASTM. Cetane number has increased from 54.46 to 58.36. The concentration of Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Al have been decreased after treatment by furfural, these results led to decrease of ash content (Ezeldin et al. 2017).