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Aromatic Medicine
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Sakshi Bajaj, Himangini Bansal
Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) belonging to the family of Myrtaceae, with yellow or purple bloom and needles like leaves is a bush of mucky zone. Because of its commercial esteem, it is cultivated on estates. The principal constituent of its oil is terpinen-4-ol, an alcoholic terpene with a clean smelly smell. The antiviral action is expected to α-sabine with antibacterial and antifungal impacts. It is an immune booster due to terpinen-4-ol while cineole is responsible of its antiseptic character (Hammer et al., 2003). The tea tree itself has antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, insecticidal, and immune stimulant properties. The aromatherapy uses the blend of lemon, blue gum, clary sage, eucalyptus, lavender, rosemary, ginger, and Scotch pine for the treatment of various infirmities. The oil is utilized in herpes, blister acne, burns, cold sores, insect bites, abscess, mouth blisters, dandruff, and sleek skin. Further, in the treatment of respiratory-related issues it has been utilized for tuberculosis, bronchitis, cough, asthma, catarrh, and whooping cough. Additionally, it is utilized in females for vaginitis, cystitis, and pruritus treatment. Cold, fever, influenza, and chickenpox have required its use. Well-characterized studies have been done on Melaleuca alternifolia on herpes through clinical trial endeavors with a promising consequence of this plant (Pazyar et al., 2013).
Essential oil-loaded chitosan/zinc (II) montmorillonite synergistic sustained-release system as antibacterial material
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Jinghui Zhan, Huayao Chen, Hongjun Zhou, Li Hao, Hua Xu, Xinhua Zhou
Owing to the extensive use of antibiotics, many infectious bacteria became resistant to antibiotics, which increased the risk of mortality.[1,2] Alternatives to non-antibiotic drugs or as adjuvant drugs to treat and prevent infections include probiotics, bacteriophages, and botanical drugs. Tea tree oil (TTO) is a highly effective natural antibacterial agent, extracted from plants. Its main antibacterial component is terpinen-4-ol.[3–5] Because of its non-toxicity and efficiency to inhibit the growth of many bacteria and molds, tea tree oil can potentially replace antibiotics in the future.[6,7] However, the application of TTO is limited because of its high volatility and a high cost for synthesis.
Biological activities and gene expression of detoxifying enzymes in Tribolium castaneum induced by Moutan cortex essential oil
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Xin Li, Yanjun Xu, Jing Liu, Xiaoxue Yu, Wenjuan Zhang, Chunxue You
A further important finding was that paeonol induced a time-dependent effect on expression levels of detoxification enzyme genes. The expression levels of Gst were gradually up-regulated after treatment with paeonol and reached a peak at 24 hr. In comparison, the expression levels of CarE decreased from 4 to 24 h and reached the maximal expression at 4 h post treatment with paeonol. This may be attributed to the fact that CarE participated in phase I xenobiotic substance detoxification, whereas GST plays a critical role in phase II, increasing the water-solubility of the metabolites in phase I by binding to endogenous molecules (Liao et al. 2016; Paula et al. 2020). Gao et al. (2022) found that terpinen-4-ol from plant essential oil exhibits effective insecticidal effect against T. castaneum, and high expression of CYP9Z6 in phase I is closely related to the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol. However, in this current study, up-regulated Gst gene in phase II may be primarily involved in the metabolism of paeonol in T. castaneum. The discriminations of insecticidal mechanism between paeonol and other potential active ingredients are the detoxification enzymes in acting at different phases of induction. Further functional verification is necessary to investigate the role of Gst gene in the metabolism of paeonol through RNAi and prokaryotic expression.
Development of nanoemulsion gel based formulation of terbinafine for the synergistic antifungal activity: Dermatokinetic experiment for investigation of epidermal terbinafine deposition enhancement
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021
Prabhu Raut, Shobhit Kumar, Babar Iqbal, Javed Ali, Sanjula Baboota
Tea tree oil consists of terpenes and lipoid substance along with complex mixture of volatile oil and has been used in the preparation of nanoemulsions as it has antifungal activity. Tea tree oil is extracted from leaves of the plant Melaleuca alternifolia.[5] The cycloolefins and enol compounds (terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, α and γ terpinene, and 1,8-cineole) are the major constituents of tea tree oil.[6] It shows wide variety of pharmacological activity such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-carcinogenicity, and immune regulatory effects.[5] Several researchers have reported that tea tree oil shows antifungal activity by altering membrane fluidity of C. albicans cells as well as by inhibiting glucose-induced medium acidification.[7] Thus, in the present study tea tree oil provides two benefits, i.e., firstly it acts as an oil phase and secondly, it provides synergistic antifungal activity along with terbinafine for the treatment of fungal infections.