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Applications of Electroless Nickel and Practical Aspects
Published in Fabienne Delaunois, Véronique Vitry, Luiza Bonin, Electroless Nickel Plating, 2019
Sulfolene to sulfolane hydrogenation in the presence of NiB catalyst was reported by Wang et al. (2004). Hydrogenation of sulfolene to sulfolane is an important industrial process, typically catalyzed by Raney Ni, because sulfolane is widely used as an excellent solvent to dissolve many kinds of organic compounds and polymers. Their studies revealed that the unsupported NiB alloys showed high catalytic activity during the hydrogenation of sulfolene. Furthermore, the NiB/TiO2 was an excellent catalyst in the hydrogenation of sulfolene with high industrial interest.
INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC SOLVENTS
Published in Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Industrial Solvents Handbook, Revised And Expanded, 2003
Sulfolane is the most common commercially available sulfone solvent. The solvent, also known as tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, is a colorless, highly polar liquid consisting of a fully hydrogenated five-member sulfur-carbon heterocyclic thiophene ring. The solvent is available as both anhydrous sulfolane and as sulfolane containing 3 wt% deionized water. Sulfolane is used as a reaction
Chemicals from Olefin Hydrocarbons
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Sulfolane (tetramethylene sulfone) is produced by the reaction of butadiene and sulfur dioxide followed by hydrogenation.
Recent advances with association models for practical applications
Published in Molecular Physics, 2018
Ioannis Tsivintzelis, Martin Gamel Bjørner, Georgios M. Kontogeorgis
Another issue we discussed is whether adding more physics, e.g. including separate polar and quadrupolar interactions, is of importance. In general, this has not led to conclusive results for practical applications. While the results shown in this work are with CPA, a review of the numerous literature studies [4] with diverse polar and quadrupolar versions of SAFT yield the same conclusions. Good results are obtained for mixtures of polar/quadrupolar molecules with alkanes (often with kij = 0), and good predictions are seen also for excess enthalpies. When, however, interaction parameters are introduced and/or when mixtures with the polar/quadrupolar molecules with associating molecules are considered (e.g. CO2–water or ketones–water), then the impact of additional polar and/or quadrupolar terms is very small. In the context of CPA, we have previously carried out several studies with polar systems (acetates, ketones, esters, ethers, etc.) in mixtures with water, inert compounds and so on, where multicomponent and multiphase equilibria have been considered [76–78]. In all cases, the predictions have been satisfactory without additional polar terms. Earlier, some researchers [4,81] have treated polar compounds like acetone as pseudo-associating but while this approach is as satisfactory as an explicit treatment of polarity in mixtures with hydrocarbons, the results are not very satisfactory for multicomponent systems [77] and are thus not recommended. Even for binary systems, sometimes, e.g. for sulfolane–alkanes, the results are not very satisfactory and the temperature dependency of the solubilities for LLE is not well captured when sulfolane is treated as pseudo-associating [4]. Notice that sulfolane is a highly polar compound with a dipole moment of 4.8 D, immiscible with several hydrocarbons over an extensive temperature range.