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Compressors
Published in Don M. Pirro, Martin Webster, Ekkehard Daschner, Lubrication Fundamentals, 2017
Don M. Pirro, Martin Webster, Ekkehard Daschner
As it comes from the well, natural gas can contain sulfur compounds and is referred to as “sour” gas. Compressors handling sour gas are usually lubricated with detergent–dispersant engine oils—automotive or natural gas engine oils. These oils provide protection against the corrosive effects of sulfur. The viscosity used most frequently is ISO VG 100 and 150 (SAE 30 and 40), but if the gas is wet, that is, carrying entrained liquids, heavier oils may be used. The compressor of integral engine-compressor units is usually lubricated with the same oil used in the engine. But depending on the contaminants contained in the gas, compressor cylinders may require a different lubricant than that used in the engine crankcase.
Feedstock Preparation
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
In addition to water and natural gas liquids removal, one of the most important parts of gas processing involves the removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, which are generally referred to as contaminants. Natural gas from some wells contains significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide and is usually referred to as sour gas. Sour gas is undesirable because the sulfur compounds it contains can be extremely harmful, even lethal, to breathe and the gas can also be extremely corrosive. The process for removing hydrogen sulfide from sour gas is commonly referred to as sweetening the gas.
Natural Gas
Published in Roy L. Nersesian, Energy Economics, 2016
Sour gas is natural gas with a significant content of either hydrogen sulfide or carbon dioxide or both. While not considered a transformational technology, sour gas does require technology to make it commercially acceptable. Sour gas reserves are plentiful, amounting to 40 percent of global and 60 percent of Middle East gas reserves.129 Hydrogen sulfide is normally converted to sulfur and sold to industrial enterprises.130 Sour gas with hydrogen sulfide requires special alloys of steel pipe to prevent corrosion.
Research on flow of sour gas mixture in deep well annulus
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Ming Tang, Linghao Kong, Shiming He
With the growing demand for clean energy, natural gas has become increasingly popular.[1–3] The International Energy Agency (IEA) stated that the global natural gas demand will increase by 2.8% in 2021. To meet the growing demand for natural gas, more sour gas (H2S and CO2)-containing reservoirs will be developed globally in the future.[4] The reserves of sour gas fields rich in H2S and CO2 exceed 2600 × 1012 ft3 worldwide, accounting for approximately 40% of global natural gas reserves.[5] To date, more than 400 gas fields (reservoirs) with high H2S and CO2 contents of industrial value have been discovered worldwide, mainly in Russia, the United States, Canada, Germany, France, China, and the Middle East, as shown in Figure 1.[6]
Monitoring and control of beta-distributed multistage production processes
Published in Quality Technology & Quantitative Management, 2019
S. Kim, J. Kim, M. K. Jeong, K. N. Al-Khalifa, A. M. S. Hamouda, E. A. Elsayed
We apply the proposed control charts to monitor the proportion of methane in a LNG process. There are three sequential important processes in Figure 4: contamination removal, nitrogen extraction and de-methanization. Contaminant removal involves the removal of sulfur and carbon dioxide, since natural gas from some wells contains significant amounts of both sulfur and carbon dioxide. ‘This natural gas, because of the rotten smell provided by its sulfur content, is commonly called “sour gas”. Sour gas is undesirable because the sulfur compounds that natural gas contains can be extremely harmful, even lethal, to breathe. Sour gas can also be extremely corrosive’ (naturalgas.org, Retrieved February 2015, from http://naturalgas.org/naturalgas/processing-ng). The second stage is nitrogen extraction for conditioning of natural gas. This nitrogen extraction leads to reduced transportation volumes and an increased heating value. Removing the nitrogen (or N2 plus CO2) can be effectively and economically achieved using a Molecular Gate. The third stage is the de-methanizer process where gas is diverted through a chiller, cross-exchanged with the de-methanized vapor product, flashed to column pressure and then injected at the top of the column. This extracts methane and other gases.