China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Kites in Agrarian Regions
Published in K. R. Krishna, Aerial Robotics in Agriculture, 2021
Sorghum is a cereal grain crop cultivated worldwide for grains, fodder, alcohol and biofuel. In the tropics and semi-arid tropics, it is a predominant cereal. Bird damage to sorghum panicles at ripening stage is frequently observed. In some regions, birds are considered serious pests on sorghum. They say, bird damage on sorghum depends on the field location, its size, season, planting density and genotype. Bird scaring using gas bangers are common. However, recently, kites and helikites flown above sorghum fields seem to reduce damage to sorghum grains. Bird infestation is generally low in fields where kites are flown into the sky and scaring acoustics are used. A few suggestions indicate that innate resistance of panicles and grains to bird damage, say due to high phenolics, color, etc. plus acoustics could reduce grain damage perceptibly (Mofokeng and Shargie, 2016; also see Plate 5.9). In other words, it is preferable to use kites/helikites to scare birds. Plus, use other methods too to control the avian pests.
Water use efficiency of sorghum under drip irrigation
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Balram Panigrahi, Sudhindra N. Panda, Micro Irrigation Scheduling and Practices, 2017
Rabi sorghum has its own value due to better grain and fodder quality. Rabi sorghum mostly is grown under rain-fed conditions with some protective irrigation if available. However the area under rabi sorghum in the region is decreasing due to nonoccurrence of late monsoon or early winter rains resulting in to unavailability of soil moisture. Yield and quality of sorghum crop often suffers due to presence of insufficient soil moisture during its growth period. The water stress during the critical growth stages of sorghum necessitates the efficient use of irrigation water so as to minimize significant loss of crop yields. Non-availability of water during rabi season in semi-arid regions of Maharashtra (India) is one of the major constraints that limits the productivity of sorghum. Traditionally rabi sorghum is grown as rain-fed crop in kharif and conventional irrigation method fails to supply the adequate quantity of water at proper time.
Rehabilitation of Copper Mine Tailings at Zhong Tiao Shan and Tong Ling, China
Published in M.H. Wong, J.W.C. Wong, A.J.M. Baker, Remediation and Management of Degraded Lands, 2018
L.B. Zhou, R. van de Graaff, H.W. Dai, Y.J. Wu, L.N. Wall
It can be seen that peanuts could yield as well as the district average on the tailings if supplied with adequate fertilizer. Peanuts may not require much water. Sorghum is known to be a drought-resistant grain crop. It performed above expectations in T2. There is an apparent trend for yields to decline with an increase in loess content of the root zone, with T1 having the highest yields, with peanuts being the only exception yielding best in T3. A hypothesis that water became less readily available with an increase in clay content and too easily lost by drainage in the pure tailings as the summer progressed would seem to be an obvious explanation. Soil water monitoring by neutron probe did not start until the 1996 growing season.
Comparative analysis of pretreatment methods on sorghum (Sorghum durra) stalk agrowaste for holocellulose content
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Sumitha Banu Jamaldheen, Kedar Sharma, Aruna Rani, Vijayanand S. Moholkar, Arun Goyal
Out of the total net sown area in India, 55% is rainfed area, which contributes for more than 75% of the country’s pulses and millet production. Sorghum (Great millet), is one of the majorly grown millets in India and its production was 10.62 MT in 2013–2014.[17] Sorghum grain is used as food and their stalks are partially used as fodder and rest is the left-over. Being a crop cultivated in rainfed area, Sorghum requires less water supply as compared with rice and wheat.[18] Rice and wheat straws have commercial value in mushroom cultivation and fiberboard production.[19,20] Unlike rice and wheat straw, Sorghum stalk does not have any other reported commercial value. Therefore, during the unavailability of rice or wheat straw in dry season, Sorghum stalk can contribute to continuous supply of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. Research work carried out with Sorghum stalk used as feedstock for bioethanol production is scanty and countable.[21–23] Exploring the structural characteristics of Sorghum stalk will pave the route for its utilization as the lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production. Therefore, this study focuses on the structural composition analysis, comparison of various pretreatment methods on Sorghum stalk for increasing the accessible area for the hydrolytic enzymes targeting bioethanol production.
Influence of Gaseous Ozonation on Bio-Techno-Functionality, In Vitro Nutrient Digestibility, and Molecular Properties of Red Sorghum Flour
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2023
Rajan Sharma, Manisha Bhandari, Kulwinder Kaur, Rabinder Singh Sohu, Ruchika Bhardwaj, Basharat Nabi Dar, Preetinder Kaur, Savita Sharma
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is the fifth most important globally produced cereal grain. It is a gluten-free crop that is basically used for consumption by humans in Asia and Africa. It is a competitive crop as it has several attractive features such as it can be grown in harsh climatic conditions, is drought resistant, contains higher starch content (70%), higher production yields, low cost of production and several applications in the agro-industries (Cabrera-Ramírez et al. 2020; García-Gurrola et al. 2019). It is a rich source of nutrients and bioactive constituents which provides human beings with several health benefits such as low occurrence of esophageal cancer & chronic diseases, antiproliferative effects of cancer cells, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, colonic microbiota, glycemic control, cardiovascular diseases, and modification in the cholesterol profile (Luo et al. 2018). Sorghum is an appropriate cradle of micronutrients and macronutrients i.e. carbohydrates (70–80%), proteins (8–18%), dietary fibers (19%) and lipids (1–5%) (Serna-Saldivar and Espinosa-Ramírez 2019). Sorghum has large amounts of micronutrients i.e. phosphorus, iron, magnesium, sodium, zinc, calcium, potassium as well as vitamin B, vitamin E, β-carotene, etc., and bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, proanthocyanins (condensed tannins), 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and carotenoids (Rashwan et al. 2021). On comparison with other cereals such as wheat, barley and millet, sorghum constitutes the highest amounts of polyphenolic compounds in various forms, such as phenolic acids, condensed tannins and flavonoids, imparting a high antioxidant activity (Svensson et al. 2010).
Application of zinc oxide nanoparticles to promote remediation of nickel by Sorghum bicolor: metal ecotoxic potency and plant response
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Alonso Doria-Manzur, Hamidreza Sharifan, Lesly Tejeda-Benitez
In addition, most recent studies are centered around the cereals, aquatic plants and leafy greens (Landa et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2018b; Singh and Kumar, 2019; Ebrahimbabaie et al. 2020; Sharifan et al. 2020a), while the C4 plants are highly susceptible to coexposure of HMs and NPs compared to C3, because of faster photosynthesis rate and higher biomass production with high potential uptake of toxic content of HMs (Srivastava et al. 2012). Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a fast-growing cosmopolitan crop worldwide that may be affected by the co-contamination of HMs and NPs. Sorghum has been widely utilized for its nutritional values, forage purposes, and bioenergy production. Sorghum is highly adaptable to different climates and highly resilient to soil nutrient deficiency. Considering the rapid growth of demand for gluten-free foods/beverages, the nutritional values of sorghum as a safe food have become more prominent (Taylor et al. 2006). Therefore, it has been introduced as an ideal representative for many tropical C4-plants such as maize and sugarcane for experimental analysis. Several studies have shown the uptake of a variety of HMs such as Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn by Sorghum (Al Chami et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2018a). However, there is no information on the coexistence of Ni and ZnO-NPs. This study aims to investigate the reciprocal interaction of Ni and ZnO-NPs and their potential phytotoxicity in a hydroponic system. The use of the hydroponic system in this study allowed minimizing the compounding effects of soil microbiome and organic compartments. Further, this study aimed to evaluate the potential application of ZnO-NPs in reducing the bioavailability of Ni at its high concentrations for sorghum bicolor.