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Covalent Organic Framework:
Published in Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Covalent Organic Frameworks, 2023
Gagandeep Kaur, Pooja Upadhyay, Karan Basve, Pawan Kumar
The sonochemical method is also an alternative method for conventional solvothermal synthesis. The organic linkers dissolved in a particular solvent in a closed vessel under ultrasonic waves. For instance, COF-1 and COF-5 were synthesized by the sonochemical method. Even though this approach has still not been applied to a broad variety of connection types, it indicates the technology's promise for the synthesis of extremely porous materials [14]. The properties of 2D-COFs are tunable and therefore can be adjusted by changing the functionality of the linker or secondary building unit (SBU) [4]. For instance, nanoparticle-covalent organic framework (NP-COF) acts as a cathode and can be utilized to directly convert solar energy into electrochemical energy [15]. Furthermore, COF framed by the synergistic impact of 1,3,5-triazine2,4,6-triamine (Tt) and 2,4,6-triformyphlorogucinol (Tp) aldehyde utilizing triazine functional group is utilized for the photocatalytic response for E-Z isomerism of olefins or alkenes ( C=C ) [16]. Additionally, COFs bearing diacetylene and pyrene functionality were successfully utilized for HER [17, 18].
Microwave-Assisted Inorganic Materials for Supercapacitors
Published in Inamuddin, Rajender Boddula, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Abdullah Mohamed Asiri, Inorganic Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Design, 2019
The reactant molecules or/and ions react in the solution is known as solvo-thermal or hydro-thermal reactions. In solid-state synthesis, diffusion of the raw materials is highly dependent on the reactions at their interfaces. The differences in the reaction mechanisms, even for the same reactants, would deliver the various microstructures of the materials [29]. Solvothermal synthesis is one of the famous synthesis processes in which non-aqueous solvents are used. Inorganic chemistry covers all the sectors by expanding the microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis (MWSS) process [30]. The major demerit in the hydro-thermal synthesis method is a slow kinetic movement of solution irrespective of the given temperature. One researcher distinguished that hydro-thermal syntheses executed with conventional heating and hydro-thermal syntheses done by heating autoclaves with microwaves. Microwaves can be used for the solution heating because of the great coupling of the microwave with water molecules in the solution. Hence, the kinetics of the solution are achieved [29,31,32] (Figure 7.5).
Ceramics: Processing, Properties, and Applications
Published in Noureddine Ramdani, Polymer and Ceramic Composite Materials, 2019
Solvothermal research was first developed during laboratory simulations of natural hydrothermal phenomena. Later, the hydrothermal synthesis was discovered as an important process for synthetizing ceramic material. This method used single- or heterogeneous-phase reactions in the presence of either aqueous or nonaqueous solvent above room temperature and at pressures higher than 1 atm in a closed reactor. Solvothermal synthesis is mainly controlled by two key parameters: thermodynamic parameters and kinetic parameters. This process facilitates the production of very complex ceramics having the desired physicochemical properties in a temperature range of 100 and 400°C without any annealing step. Three main synthetic routes can be distinguished in solvothermal processes, including the precipitation of the solid phase when the reactants are soluble in the solvent, the decomposition of the insoluble precursor in the solvent, and crystallization of amorphous starting ceramic materials (Figure 2.7) [26].
An overview on synthesis procedures of nanoparticles applied to enhanced oil recovery
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2022
Mariana Schneider, Júlia da Silveira Salla, Rafael Peralta Muniz Moreira, Regina de Fatima Peralta Muniz Moreira
In this technique, the solid precursors are mixed in pure water and agitated until the solution is completely homogenized. If the solvent is different from water, the process is called solvothermal synthesis. The method involves heating the reactants in a particular solvent in a high-pressure system and temperature in the range of 150–300 °C, for long periods (12–24 h). Table 1 summarizes recent papers dealing with nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, and applied to EOR.