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Solid State Batteries
Published in P.J. Gellings, H.J.M. Bouwmeester, Electrochemistry, 2019
Batteries which utilize solid state ionics are of three general types: (1) All–solid state batteries in which the anode, electrolyte, and cathode are solids. A typical example of this battery type is the Ag/RbAg4I5/RbI3 cell. Generally, solid state batteries are small primary or reserve batteries which operate at ambient temperature. (2) Solid electrolyte batteries with a liquid metal anode and/or a liquid cathode. These batteries can be ambient temperature systems, e.g., using a Na/Hg amalgam anode, although more generally the interest is in high-temperature systems for large-scale applications such as the Na/β″-Al2O3/S battery.(3) Ionic cathode batteries in which the cathodes are being developed mostly for use with liquid electrolytes, in particular for lithium batteries.
Effect of Nb substitution on structural, electrical and electrochemical properties of LiTi2(PO4)3 as electrolyte materials for lithium ion batteries
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2018
M. Koteswara Rao, K. Vijaya Babu, V. Veeraiah, K. Samatha
Solid-state ionics provides scientific support for a wide variety of advanced electrochemical devices such as batteries, fuel cells, chemical sensors, gas separation membranes and ionic switches. Numerous solids with high ionic conductivity at room temperature are extensively used in technological applications and are named as fast ionic conductors. One of the applications of fast ionic conductors is used as electrolytes in battery applications; hence the fast ionic conductors are also referred as solid electrolytes. Solid electrolytes are having some advantages in electrochemical devices against the liquid electrolytes such as longer life, high energy density, less possibility of leakage, chemical stability, etc. Solid electrolytes are first discussed by Faraday at the end of the nineteenth century. Generally, these solid electrolyte materials are commonly featured as (1) crystal bonding is ionic in nature, (2) electrical conductivity is high (10–1 to 10–4 S/cm), (3) principle charge carriers are ions, (4) the electronic conductivity is negligible, (5) low activation energy for ion migration and (6) special crystal structure with open tunnels or channels through which the mobile ions move.