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Introduction to Thermoplastic Composites
Published in R. Alagirusamy, Flexible Towpregs and Their Thermoplastic Composites, 2022
Silanes are the silicon-based multi-functional compounds that hydrolyse in the presence of water and form a silanol compound. On its application to the natural fibre, one end of the silanol compound reacts with the hydroxyl group of natural fibres through condensation reaction (covalent bonding) and forms a coated layer around the natural fibres. During polymer composite formation, the other end of the silane compound adheres to the polymer matrix and ultimately creates a robust fibre/matrix interface. The silane compound also improves the fibre matrix adhesion by restricting the fibre swelling in the polymer matrix and by mechanical interlocking (Xie et al. 2010).
Process Development
Published in Michael G. Pecht, Riko Radojcic, Gopal Rao, Guidebook for Managing Silicon Chip Reliability, 2017
Michael G. Pecht, Riko Radojcic, Gopal Rao
Silane chemistry is adequate for technologies above 1 μm. For submicron technologies this technique of ILD deposition may not be adequate if used by itself. Silane chemistry adapted for submicron technologies by using a multilayered dielectric layer in combination with spin-on-glass (SOG) has been used quite successfully [Yen and Rao 1988]. A thin layer of oxide deposition followed by SOG can be used either in an etchback or a nonetchback mode. Details on SOG planarization are given in the appropriate section. Such a dielectric stack allows sufficiently thin oxide film to be deposited so the problem of void formation is eliminated. Gap fill is achieved by the SOG film. From a safety point of view, silane gas delivery and exhaust management is very important as silane is very flammable.
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Published in Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernández, Fernando Israel Gómez-Castro, ®, 2017
Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernández, Fernando Israel Gómez-Castro
One of the processes developed many years ago but which is still valid for the production of silane is disproportionation of trichlorosilane into silane and silicon tetrachloride (i.e., the reaction between metallurgical grade silicon and hydrogen chloride; metallurgical grade silicon is a result of the carbothermic reduction of mineral quartz) (Bakay, 1976). It has been analyzed that approximately 40% of the energy required for fabrication of a silicon-based solar panel is consumed in the production of its precursor. That is why, the reduction in energy consumption at this stage is crucial to minimize the return module and with that the technology cost (Werner et al., 2013).
Planar and Vertical Alignment of Rod-like and Bent-core Liquid Crystals Using Functionalized Indium Tin Oxide Substrates
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2021
B. Sivaranjini, S. Umadevi, Raj Kumar Khan, Ramarao Pratibha, Amuthan Dekshinamoorthy, Saranyan Vijayaraghavan, V. Ganesh
The silanes can be used in two ways: either to form a polysiloxane layer or to bind a long chain to the substrate. In this present study, we have covalently attached a bent-shaped compound to the ITO substrate through silylation and investigated the influence of the surface bound molecules over the alignment of the bulk LC sample. We have pre-treated the substrate to obtain the hydroxyl groups which were condensed with chlorosilane-terminated BC compounds to create the BC alignment layers. The ITO-BC-t substrates are effective in aligning the rod-like and BC compounds homeotropically whereas ITO-BC-l substrates induced an effective parallel alignment of the rod-like compounds. As the Cognard rightly pointed out, the effect of the silane layer depends on the mode of deposition and the nature of the LC.
Dielectric properties and electromagnetic wave absorbing performance of granular polysilicon during 2450 MHz microwave smelting
Published in Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 2021
Jin Lin, Fucheng Zhang, Yongzhen Bai, Xiaobiao Shang, Ruogu Kang
Polysilicon is one of the most mature semiconductor materials in the world. It is the main raw material for manufacturing electronic computer chips and solar cells, as well as an important cornerstone in the development of the photovoltaic industry and the electronic information industry (Mitin and Kokh 2018; Liu et al. 2019). At present, commonly used methods to prepare high-purity polysilicon mainly include the modified Siemens method, the silane pyrolysis method, and the metallurgical method (Peev et al. 1991; Woditsch and Koch 2002). However, the modified Siemens method has a relatively complicated process flow and easy to cause more energy loss (Del Coso et al. 2011). Silane is a kind of flammable, explosive gas, which is relatively dangerous to use during the production operation (Chao et al. 2015). In contrast, the metallurgical method for preparing high-purity polysilicon has been appreciated by an increasing number of researchers due to its simple process flow and safe operation. Traditional metallurgical methods mainly include the processes of hydrometallurgy, vacuum melting, directional solidification and so forth (Gribov and Zinov'ev 2003; Braga et al. 2008). However, there are still some drawbacks in these processes, such as high energy consumption, high cost, and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an environmentally friendly and cost-effective high-purity polysilicon production process.
Mathematical modeling of the detonation wave structure in the silane-air mixture
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2018
A.V. Fedorov, D.A. Tropin, P.A. Fomin
Silane (silicon tetrahydride) is widely used in semiconductor and photoelectric industries as a source of silicon. Silane is a self-igniting gas, which ignites due to its contact with air even under standard conditions. For this reason, it is rather hazardous in terms of fire. Attention of many researchers is riveted to modeling chemical transformations of silane, in particular, because of various issues associated with explosion and fire safety. In this paper, calculations of parameters and detonation wave (DW) structure on the basis of detailed and reduced chemical kinetics will be made.