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Farnesene-Derived Polyolefin Base Oils
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants, 2020
Jeff Brown, Hyeok Hahn, Lynn Rice, Paula Vettel, Jason Wells
Recent developments in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering by several companies including Amyris have led to the commercial production of a wide range of chemical building blocks which have been used to replace petroleum-derived molecules including fuels, polymers, lubricant base oils, and additives, among many others [25]. One building block with great possibilities for application to engineered base oils and functional fluids is the C15H24 sesquiterpene β–farnesene (E-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene, Figure 26.2). This substance and other sesquiterpenes are found naturally in trace amounts within plants and insects, often functioning as defensive chemical agents or pheromones [26]. Structure of β-farnesene [12].
Terpenoids Against Infectious Diseases
Published in Dijendra Nath Roy, Terpenoids Against Human Diseases, 2019
Sanhita Ghosh, Kamalika Roy, Chiranjib Pal
More than 50 sesquiterpenes from plants have exhibited significant anti-tuberculosis activity. Sesquiterpene lactones of the germacranolide, guaianolide and eudesmanolide types are shown to have anti-tuberculosis activity, with MICs ranging from 2 to ≥128 µg/mL (Delabays et al. 2001). Many sesquiterpenes isolated from the marine environment also show activity against tuberculosis. Axisonitrile-3, a cyanosesquiterpene isolated from the sponge Acanthellaklethra, is a potent inhibitor of M. tuberculosis, with an MIC of 1.56 µg/mL (Dewick 2002). Puupehenone, 15-cyanopuupehenone and 15-α-cyanopuupehenol isolated from sponges of the orders Verongida and Dictyoceratida (Cantrell et al. 2001; Hamann et al. 1993; Konig et al. 2000), demonstrated 99%, 90% and 96% inhibition of M. tuberculosis (H3Rv) growth, respectively, at an MIC of 12.5 µg/mL. It has been shown that the quinine-methide system in ring D of puupehenone is essential for its inhibitory activity (Nasu 1995).
Thin-Layer Chromatography in Plant Sciences
Published in Bernard Fried, Joseph Sherma, Practical Thin-Layer Chromatography, 2017
To isolate from plant tissues, mono- and sesquiterpenes are extracted with hexane, ether, or acetone. The standard accepted method is steam distillation with a modified distillation apparatus according to Cocking and Middleton (European pharmacopœia). The quantity of plant used is sufficient to yield 0.1 to 0.3 ml of essential oils. The sample weight is 10 to 50 g, depending on the type of plant (European pharmacopoeia) and the rate of the distillation is 2 to 3 ml per minute. Distillation is continued for 1 to 4 h; 1 ml of xylene is placed in the distillation flask, so a blank “xylene value” must be determined in a separate distillation in the absence of the plant.
Exploitation of essential oil extracted from Tunisian Laurus nobilis for the development of PET antibacterial sutures
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Nesrine Bhouri, Faten Debbabi, Intidhar Ben Salem, Saber Ben Abdessalem
Table 4 presents major compounds of EO1 and EO2 oils obtained by quantifying analysis of GC–MS. Results show small differences in the composition. By GC–MS analysis, 36 chemical compounds were identified for EO1 and 35 compounds were identified for EO2. The essential oil of L. nobilis contain 42.63% (EO1) and 40.89% (EO2) of oxygenated monoterpene, the amount of monoterpene were lower. In fact, monoterpene react readily to air and heat sources (Janson, 1992). Due to this reason, L. nobilis essential oil monoterpene quickly react with air and, therefore, are oxidized. The fraction of Sesquiterpenes such as Caryophyllene and Farnesene were identified but their amounts were very low. As shown in Table 4, the amount of Sesquiterpenes was, respectively, 8.41 and 1.46%. Sesquiterpenes have a high activity as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial substances (Sirvaityte et al., 2011).
Vetiver grass-microbe interactions for soil remediation
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Xun Wen Chen, James Tsz Fung Wong, Jun-Jian Wang, Ming Hung Wong
Vetiver is an important aromatic plant for essential oil production (Sreenath, Jagadishchandra, & Bajaj, 1994). Vetiver root essential oil is mainly a complex mixture of sesquiterpenes (Akhila & Rani, 2002; Maffei, 2002). The sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes, which are hydrocarbons produced by a variety of plants and by some insects (Chizzola, 2013). The odorous characteristic of terpene protects the plants against herbivores.