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Stereochemistry
Published in Michael B. Smith, A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry, 2020
When two different molecules have the same empirical formula, and they are isomers. If those molecules have the same formula but different connectivity, they are constitutional isomers. If those molecules have the same empirical formula and the same connectivity (all atoms are attached to the same atoms), but they differ in their spatial arrangement about a given atom or point in the molecule, they are called stereoisomers. In other words, stereoisomers are isomers with the same empirical formula, the same constitution (the same connectivity), but a different arrangement of atoms in space. The two different molecules 2-bromo-2-chlorobutane and the mirror image discussed in a previous question are stereoisomers. Which of the following molecules have a stereogenic center?
Introduction to Environmental Engineering Calculations
Published in Danny D. Reible, Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering, 2017
The empirical formula is the ratio of the elements in the compound or C2H6O. This is the same as the molecular formula of ethanol, but because only the ratios of the elements are known, it could also be C4H12,O2, C6H18O3, etc.
Lab-scale anaerobic digestion of cassava peels: the first step of energy recovery from cassava waste and water hyacinth
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Yaovi Sylvestre Ahou, Jean-Romain Bautista Angeli, Sary Awad, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Yves Andres
The empirical formula (CaHbOcNdSx) was established based on the elemental composition (C, H, N, S, O) of the samples. As shown in the Equation (3) extracted from Angelidaki et al. [38], when the composition of organic matter is known, it is possible to evaluate the theoretical yields of methane and ammonia that can be expected from anaerobic digestion. In this equation, the organic matter is stoichiometrically converted to methane, carbon dioxide and ammonia. Therefore the maximum methane stoichiometric (Bo) yield of the samples was determined using the Equation (4) below established by Buswell et al. [39] and adopted by Sialve et al. [26]. The specific stoichiometric methane yield expressed in millilitres of CH4 per gram of volatile solids (VS) and Vm is the molar volume of methane under normal pressure and temperature conditions.