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Advanced Separation Applications of Porous Polymers
Published in Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula, Porous Polymer Science and Applications, 2022
Subhajit Kundu, Debarati Mitra, Mahuya Das
Separation process is one of the integrated steps of modern chemical process plants. The conventional separation processes include distillation, adsorption, absorption, etc., for which the technologies are already well-defined and widely applied. But now some advanced separation processes are continuously gaining interest in modern-day Chemical process plants. These include membrane-based techniques, chromatographic separation, supercritical fluid extraction and porous polymers that are highly applicable for these purposes [7].
Sampling and Analytical Techniques for Floodwater Quality Monitoring
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Flood Handbook, 2022
Josephine Treacy, Saeid Eslamian
Chromatography can be defined as a separation process that is achieved by the distribution of analytes between two phases a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The different forms of chromatography take their names from the physical nature of the stationary phase and the mobile phase. Separation science involves liquid and gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. The different types of chromatography can be seen in Figure 26.8 and Table 26.2.
Membrane Technology for Green Engineering
Published in Neha Kanwar Rawat, Tatiana G. Volova, A. K. Haghi, Applied Biopolymer Technology and Bioplastics, 2021
Supriya Dhume, Yogesh Chendake
Organic solvents are extensively utilized in a range of commercial sectors. Reclaiming and reusing the solvents is also the foremost economically and environmentally useful possibility for managing spent solvents. Purifying the solvents to meet reuse specifications can be challenging. For hydrophilic solvents, water must be removed prior to reuse, yet many hydrophilic solvents form hard-to-separate azeotropic mixtures with water. Such mixtures make separation processes energy-intensive and cause economic challenges. The membrane technologies PV and vapor permeation (VP) can be less energy-intensive than distillation-based processes and have proven to be very effective in removing water from azeotropic mixtures. In PV/VP, separation relies on the solution diffusion interaction between the dense layer of the membrane and therefore the solvent/water mixture. A variability of membrane materials, such as polymeric, inorganic, mixed matrix, and hybrid, has been used for industrial applications. A small set of those commercially obtainable and highlighted here: poly (vinyl alcohol), polyimides, amorphous perfluoro polymers, NaA zeolites, chabazite zeolites, T-type zeolites, and hybrid silicas. Solvents targeted for recovery and then common solvents are chosen for analysis: acetonitrile, 1-butanol, N,N’-dimethyl formamide, ethanol, methanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and 2-propanol.
Advances in dewatering and drying in mineral processing
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Benitta A. Chaedir, Jundika C. Kurnia, Agus P. Sasmito, Arun S. Mujumdar
Filtration is a solid-liquid separation process by using a porous medium (the filter) which blocks solids but pass the liquid. Cake filtration is the most common filter type used in mineral dewatering especially for the process dealing with large amounts of fine solids (<100 µm). In this process, the liquid that passes through is referred to as the “filtrate” while the accumulated solids blocked by the filter are referred to as the “filter cake.” The process is influenced by several important parameters including the properties of the suspension (e.g., size distribution, concentration),[18,19] the properties of filtering material (e.g., size and shape of pores),[20,21] and the forces applied. The filtering medium acts as a filter and as a backing for the filter cake. Selecting the best filter medium is critical for an efficient filtration. The medium should be able to blocks solids without blinding, mechanically sturdy, and corrosion proof.[3] Filter media can be made of cotton, wool, metals, rayon, nylon, silk, glass fiber, ceramic, and other materials and synthetics.
Evaluation of Pressure Filtration of Coal Refuse Slurry: A Fractional Factorial Design Approach
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2019
Gireesh S.S. Raman, Mark S. Klima
Pressure filtration can be defined as a solid–liquid separation process whose feed is a pressurized suspension and whose products are cake (solid) and filtrate (liquid). This separation is achieved by passing the slurry through a filter medium. The solids in the slurry are retained on the porous filter medium, while the liquid passes through the pores in the medium. Initially, coarser particles, whose size is larger than the pore opening, are captured on the filter medium and form the first layer of the cake while the liquid and finer solids pass through the filter medium. After the first layer of solids is formed, the combination of filter medium and the preexisting cake layer aids in capturing additional particles. During this stage, even the finer particles are trapped within the interstices of the cake. The filtrate is then forced through the system by the pressure difference across the filter cake and the filter medium.
A regularizing Kohn–Vogelius formulation for the model-free adsorption isotherm estimation problem in chromatography
Published in Applicable Analysis, 2018
G. Lin, Y. Zhang, X. Cheng, M. Gulliksson, P. Forssén, T. Fornstedt
The separation and purification of the components in a mixture are important processes in many industries, including the fine chemical, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and food industries. Chromatography is a common method used in separation processes to isolate one or several components from a mixture [1]. The mechanism of chromatography is based on the fact that different solutes in the sample interact differently with the stationary phase: some are strongly adsorbed whereas others are barely retained. The outcome of a chromatographic separation is strongly dependent on the adsorption isotherms of the solutes, since they dictate the separation factors and saturation capacities, i.e. how much solute can be adsorbed. Therefore, how to determine adsorption isotherms is an issue of significant importance in chromatography.