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Components and Materials for Electrochemical Supercapacitors
Published in Aiping Yu, Victor Chabot, Jiujun Zhang, Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Delivery, 2017
Aiping Yu, Victor Chabot, Jiujun Zhang
Ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) is widely used because it is highly reversible, exhibits very high capacitance, and presents good cycle life. The fast redox reaction of RuO2 follows the mechanism in the following reaction and contains three oxidation states (0 ≤ b ≤ 2) within a 1.2 V potential window: () RuOx(OH)v+bH++be−↔RUOx−b(OH)y+b
Electrochemical recovery of hydrogen and elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide gas by two-cell system
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
J. Narendranath, J. Manokaran, S. Shanmuga Sundar, R. Muruganantham, Ahmed Al Shoaibi, C. Srinivasakannan, N. Balasubramanian
When graphite materials are used as anode in alkaline medium, they tend to passivate due to sulfur deposition over the period. In order to avoid passivation of sulfur and to boost the stability for the continuous mode operation, we have designed ruthenium oxide coated titanium (RuO2-TiO2) electrodes (due to low corrosion stability of titanium (Fletcher, Noring, and Murray 1984), at high anodic potentials and elevated temperatures) in two different morphologies. They are: (i) Ruthenium oxide-coated titanium with sharp edges(ii)Ruthenium oxide-coated titanium with perforations.
Plethora of Carbon Nanotubes Applications in Various Fields – A State-of-the-Art-Review
Published in Smart Science, 2022
Nidhi Jain, Eva Gupta, Nand Jee Kanu
Reduction of waste disposal in the environment can be achieved by using the CNTs as super capacitors which provide small size, high portability, utmost power density, extended suitability, and elevated energy. Figure 6 shown here is composed of maximum surface area activated capacitors with a very emaciated layer of electrolyte as dielectric. The CNTs act as superior electrode materials for capacitors. Generally, the CNTs are coupled to a thinner layer of the electrode, increasing the capacity of the capacitor to accumulate higher energy density. The CNTs are placed in between the electrode and electrolyte. Vertical alignment of the CNTs increases the capacity of the super capacitor by increasing the surface area of the electrode. The CNTs alone are not suitable to use the electrode due to their little capacitance. However, CNTs combines with transition metal oxides to produce sustainable energy. The metal oxides are such as manganese oxide (MnO2) and ruthenium oxide (RuO2), etc. The energy density (5 Wh/kg) up to 10 folds increased using capacitors, with only around 1.0 Wh/kg [115].
Characteristics analysis of RuO2 in diesel: benthic-diatom Navicula sp. algae biodiesel in a CI engine
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
In this experimental research, three kinds of testing fuels are prepared, denoted as BxAy (x means that volume fraction and y means that ppm). The RuO2 nanoparticles of an average size of 50–100 nm are manufactured by American Elements, USA, with complete specific features list in Table 2. They are: B20 (that contain 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel in volume percentage), B20 + 50 ppm (that contain 20% biodiesel in volume percentage, 50 ppm Ruthenium Oxide), and B20 + 100 ppm (that contain 20% biodiesel in volume percentage, 100 ppm Ruthenium Oxide). Making use of level higher blends (above B20) may affect fuel setup equipment mainly fuel hose pipes and fuel pump seals which contain elastomer substances incompatible using biodiesel. The result is reduced while the biodiesel blend level is reduced. Dispersion of nanoparticles with fuels is actually prepared using the device called Ultrasonicator set with a frequency of 24 kHz for for 45 min to make the homogeneous testing fuels. The made test fuels are subjected into the stability research; |stored in a 100 ml calibrated scale glass test-tube under static conditions as well as found stable for 12 h. The physicochemical properties for the B20, B20 + 50 ppm and B20 + 100 ppm testing fuels are tested as per ASTM standards and are listed in Table 1.