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An Introduction to Ruthenium Chemistry
Published in Ajay Kumar Mishra, Lallan Mishra, Ruthenium Chemistry, 2018
Lallan Mishra, Ajay Kumar Mishra
The book Chemistry of Ruthenium, by Seddon and Seddon (1978), offered complete coverage of ruthenium, which exhibits the highest known formal oxidation state (RuO4) together with osmium and xenon, in the periodic table. The compound usually used as a starting material in ruthenium chemistry is “hydrated ruthenium trichloride,” an almost black, reflective solid that is obtained industrially by dissolving RuO4 in aqueous HCl and evaporating to dryness. It is soluble in a wider range of solvents and is comparatively reactive. A landmark discovery in coordination chemistry made in 1965 by Allen and Senoff was the first synthetic complex of N2 as [Ru(NH3)5(N2)]X2 (X = anion). This complex was originally made by the treatment of hydrated ruthenium trichloride with hydrazine and showed a weak band in their infrared spectra at 2,100 cm–1, owing to the N≡N stretching vibration. At present, ruthenium is at the forefront of various important areas of science, including the development of air and moisture-tolerant homogeneous ruthenium catalysts for alkene metathesis. It had a major impact on total synthesis and on materials chemistry, which resulted in the form of Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Grubbs in 2005. Ruthenium complexes are also extensively used in enantioselective hydrogenation reactions in organic synthesis (exemplified by the work of Ryoji Noyori, who was one of the winners of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) and are now being investigated in chemotherapy.
Natural aluminosilicate nanotubes loaded with RuCo as nanoreactors for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2022
Kristina Mazurova, Aleksandr Glotov, Mikhail Kotelev, Oleg Eliseev, Pavel Gushchin, Maria Rubtsova, Anna Vutolkina, Ruslan Kazantsev, Vladimir Vinokurov, Anna Stavitskaya
In the Ru3p3/2 spectral region of the catalysts (Figure 5(g,h)), a low-intensity peak was observed at 461.4–461.5 eV, corresponding to Ru0. The peaks in the region of 461.5–465.5 eV refer to ruthenium in the composition of the oxide [56] or complex with nitrogen-containing ligands. The presence of peaks in the region of higher energies of 468–477 eV is probably related to ruthenium in a higher oxidation state. These can be both ruthenium and ruthenium oxides in the composition of salts: the hydrated form of ruthenium trichloride or complex compounds, the coordination sphere of which includes nitrogen, sodium, boron, chlorine and organic fragments. For example, Na2 [RuCl5 (H2O)], Na [Ru (CH3C=(O) CHC=(C6H5) NCH2CH (CH3) N=C (C6H5) C=(H) C (O) CH3) Cl2], Na2 [Ru (NO) Cl5], Na2 [RuCl5 (H2O)] and others.
Synthesis and characterization of naphthaldiimine-based ruthenium(III) complexes; homogenous catalytic hydrogenation and isomerization of internal and terminal alkenes
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Ahmed M. Fathy, Mahmoud M. Hessien, Mohamed M. Ibrahim, Abd El-Motaleb M. Ramadan
Schiff condensation for 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and aliphatic diamines with carbon chain in which the number of carbon atoms is 2, 4, 5 and 6 leads to naphthaldiimine ligands L1, L2, L3 and L4, respectively (Scheme 1). The reaction of the hydrated ruthenium trichloride salt (RuCl3·3H2O) in ethanol with the Schiff bases gave ruthenium(III) chelates, characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The results of elemental analyses in Table 1 demonstrated the stoichiometry of the newly prepared naphthaldiimine-based Ru(III) complexes is 1:1. The molar conductance measurements in DMF at room temperature as shown in Table 1 indicate their nonelectrolytic behavior [31]. The full structural characterization of the ruthenium(III) Schiff base complexes was completed via comprehensive spectroscopic studies. The elemental analysis data and the spectral results demonstrate that the present Schiff bases are quadridentate dibasic ligands providing the chromophore N2O2 to coordinate with ruthenium(III).
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial studies of half-sandwich η6-toluene ruthenium complexes with N,N′-bidentate ligands
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Joel M. Gichumbi, Holger B. Friedrich, Bernard Omondi, Hafizah Y. Chenia
All manipulations were carried out under nitrogen atmosphere using Schlenk techniques. All reagents and solvents were purchased commercially from Sigma-Aldrich. Solvents were dried using standard techniques and stored over 4 Å molecular sieves. NMR spectra were recorded using a Bruker topspin 400 MHz spectrometer. Deuterated solvent DMSO-d6 (Aldrich) was used as purchased. Melting points were measured on an Ernest Leitz Wetzlar hot stage microscope. Elemental analyses were performed using a Thermal-Scientific Flash 2000 CHNS/O analyzer. Infrared spectra were recorded using an ATR Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 100 spectrophotometer between 4000 and 400 cm−1 in the solid state. Mass spectra were recorded via a Waters Micromass LCT Premier TOF-MS and ESI in the positive mode. Ruthenium trichloride was received from DLD-scientific. The Ru(II)-arene dimeric precursor [(η6-C6H6-CH3)Ru(μ-Cl)Cl]2 was synthesized according to a reported literature procedure [16].