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Process Intensification and Parametric Optimization in Biodiesel Synthesis Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation Reactors
Published in Veera Gnaneswar Gude, Green chemistry for Sustainable Biofuel Production, 2018
Parag r. Gogate, ashish v. Mohod
Yusup et al. [46] investigated the use of equal volume mixture of crude palm and rubber seed oil as the feedstock. Use of rubber seed oil offers as a sustainable nonedible feedstock for biodiesel, which can help in reducing the dependency on the crude palm oil. The inlet pressure was kept constant at 3 bar (300 kPa) and an orifice plate having 1 mm hole and 20 mm thickness was used as the cavitating device. It was established that the hydrodynamic cavitation required lower reaction time for the efficient processing of feedstock to methyl esters as compared to the mechanical agitation based conventional approach. It was also reported that the yield of biodiesel per unit supplied energy was 13.5 x 10−4 g/J for the case of hydrodynamic cavitation which was about significantly higher than the conventional process (8 x 10−6 g/J). It was also demonstrated that hydrodynamic cavitation provided final product with desired quality specifications as per the international standards of ASTM D674 and EN 14214.
Biodiesel, Power Alcohol and Butanol Production
Published in Debabrata Das, Soumya Pandit, Industrial Biotechnology, 2021
Heveabrasiliensis (Rubber seed): Brazil is the largest manufacturing country of rubber seed, while Malaysia, India, Thailand, and Indonesia are also production nations. The height of the rubber tree is about 34 m. Non-frost climate and heavy rainfall are important for the growth of the rubber plant. It has brown oil of 40–50% by weight of kernel or copra, and the seed has 50–60% oil content. A large amount of unsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic acid 16.3%, oleic acid 24.6%, and linoleic acid 39.6% are present in rubber seed oil (Crabbe et al., 2001).
Effect of nano-fuel additive on performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine using biodiesel blends with diesel fuel
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2020
The higher percentage of carbon and hydrogen content is the main reason for the higher calorific value of the rubber seed oil compared to other biofuels. Also the less ash and moisture content cause no deposit and negligible heat loss with the high calorific value during combustion. Another additional advantage of the rubber seed oil is its high oxygen content which reduces the carbon monoxide emission and unburned hydrocarbon from the exhaust gas. So, these natural properties of the rubber seed oil make (Table 2) it well suitable to use it as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. Apart from the main application in engines, the rubber seed oil can also be used as an additional fuel in rural areas mainly for the agricultural processes and operating the irrigation equipment. As a whole, the rubber seed oil becomes one of the renewable and alternative energy sources, which is easy to produce and use. Also, it is a relatively low-cost fuel and can be easily implemented, most importantly safer for the environment and compatible. In this experimental investigation, the esterified pure rubber seed oil extracted by the esterification process at 20% of the rubber seed oil is called as B20 blend with the pure diesel fuel and added with aluminium oxide and supplied to the diesel engine with different propositions.
Synthesis and characterisation of rubber seed oil trans-esterified biodiesel using cement clinker catalysts
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2019
V. Aarathi, E. Harshita, Atira Nalinashan, Sidharrthh Ashok, R. Krishna Prasad
The significant issue the world currently faces is global warming. The fossil fuels used in the transport vehicles such as petroleum and diesel emit harmful pollutant gases, which are the major contributors to air pollution. The increase in energy demand and its sources resulted in the search for an alternative fuel with properties compatible to that of the conventional fuels. The biodiesel is a promising substitute for fossil fuels. The properties such as low toxicity, renewability, inherent lubricity, superior flash point and low cost of biodiesel make it advantageous over the conventional fuels. The non-edible vegetable oils are preferred over edible oils due to its lower cost and no foodstuffs being used while producing biodiesel (Moser 2009). Rubber seed oil is extracted from rubber seeds of rubber trees. Rubber seeds have largely been wasted, and hence, conversion of oil from rubber seeds to biodiesel provides additional incomes to rubber growers.
Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics analysis of rubber seed oil by TG-FTIR analysis
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Shuoyao Zhang, Bo Li, Yonggang Wei, Hua Wang
The main component of rubber seed oil is a variety of fatty acid glycerides (Yang et al. 2016). The pyrolysis of fatty acid glycerides is divided into two steps (Chang and Wan 2012). At approximately 300°C, fatty acid glycerides are pyrolyzed to produce fatty acids, acrolein, and fatty aldehydes. Upon increasing the temperature to approximately 400°C, the pyrolysis product of the first step is further pyrolyzed to produce small molecule compounds by dehydroxylation, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, cracking and condensation reactions. Triolein, as an example, is shown in Figure 11.