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Biocatalysis in Green Biosolvents
Published in Ahindra Nag, Greener Synthesis of Organic Compounds, Drugs and Natural Products, 2022
Margherita Miele, Laura Ielo, Vittorio Pace, Andrés R. Alcántara
Another important family of biosolvents comes from secondary metabolites of plants, accessible through biorefineries derived from lignocellulose waste.95 In this sense, most commonly used terpenes acting as biosolvents are limonene96–102 or p-cymene3,103–105; some new alternatives, such as γ-terpinene,48,106,107 α-pinene,48 eucalyptol48,108–110 or (+)-rose oxide48 (4-methyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran) have been recently reported. Additionally, from waste fats and oils, apart from glycerol also available from C5-C6 sugars, it is possible to obtain fatty acids that, upon esterification, would furnish fatty acid alkyl esters. These methyl esters (FAME), known as biodiesel, although mainly used as biofuels, can be also used as biosolvents,111–114 with methyl soyate being one of the most reported.115,116
Regional variation in percutaneous absorption in in vitro human models: a systematic review
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Aileen M. Feschuk, Nadia Kashetsky, Chavy Chiang, Anuk Burli, Halie Burdick, Howard I. Maibach
Schmitt et al. (2010) examined percutaneous permeation of the main constituents of rose oil including monoterpenes alpha-pinene, β-myrcene, limonene, linalool, trans-rose oxide, cis-rose oxide, isomenthone, β-citronellol, and geraniol on abdominal, breast, and upper arm skin. Skin was obtained from Caucasian female patients that underwent plastic surgery (sample size of upper arm n = 6 from 59-year-old female, breast skin n = 4 with unknown patient age, and abdominal skin n = 12 from two patients aged 31 and 39). Experiments were performed in a Franz diffusion cell and 1000 ul native rose oil was added to the donor compartment. After 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 27 hr, the acceptor fluid samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. The primary outcomes analyzed included permeability coefficient = (quotient of flux which is calculated by the slope of the cumulative amount penetrated as a function of time and the donor concentration) and lag time calculated as the time-intercept, from the cumulative amount penetrated as a function of time plot.
Pharmacokinetic and toxicological prediction of the chemical constituents of the essential oil of the leaves of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2023
Rosemarie Brandim Marques, Maria Das Dores Barreto Sousa, Wesley de Sousa Santos, Neirigelson Ferreira de Barros Leite, Esdras Morais Sobreiro Lima, Angélica Lima Soares, Charllyton Luís Sena da Costa, Francisco Artur e Silva Filho, Antônio Luiz Martins Maia Filho, Evandro Paulo Soares Martins, Ricardo Martins Ramos, Antonio de Macedo Filho
Maia et al. (2021) reported that the monoterpene rose oxide exhibited an inhibiting action against the isoforms CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. This study supports our observations that all CHO constituents displayed an inhibiting activity for CYP2C9 and 19 of these agents for CYP2C19. This type of inhibition may result in a rise in plasma concentration of some drugs and may initiate adverse effects (Ghose, Viswanadhan, and Wendoloski 1998; Oprea 2000; Teague et al. 1999).