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Published in Michael L. Madigan, HAZMAT Guide for First Responders, 2017
Reproductive toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in offspring. Substances and mixtures with reproductive and/or developmental effects are assigned to one of the two hazard categories, “known or presumed” and “suspected.” Category 1 has two subcategories for reproductive and developmental effects. Materials, which cause concern for the health of breastfed children, have a separate category, effects on or via lactation.
Adverse health effects and stresses on offspring due to paternal exposure to harmful substances
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Jiaqi Sun, Miaomiao Teng, Fengchang Wu, Xiaoli Zhao, Yunxia Li, Lihui Zhao, Wentian Zhao, Keng Po Lai, Kenneth Mei Yee Leung, John P. Giesy
The results of these studies suggest that the observed detrimental effects on sperm quality and quantity can be due to the effects of oxidative stress triggered by exposure to chemicals, which is a key driver of reproductive toxicity in offspring, due to malformations, survival and a reduced rate of hatching (Teng et al., 2018). Mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, p38 and JNK increase under oxidative stress, as shown by RNA-sequencing data. Greater mitochondrial biogenesis can lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Effects of aflatoxin B1 exposure on sperm in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi, Ghazal Bayat, Reza Kachuei, Reza Golmohammadi
In the present study, random-effects model was used for meta-analysis of exported data (Thakur et al. 2022). Publication bias among studies was detected by using the Eggers’ statistics test and displayed via funnel plot. Also, heterogeneity was calculated by I2 test (Anuradha et al. 2022). This is the first meta-analysis of previously published studies regarding the reproductive effects of aflatoxin B1 exposure in a rodent model. A recent study has demonstrated that aflatoxin B1 exposure can cause low sperm concentration during a dose-dependent manner in West African Dwarf Bucks, resulted from reduced testicular biochemical and testosterone levels (Ewuola et al. 2014). In many cases decreasing sperm concentration is related to the effects of chemical substances on the growth pattern and development of spermatogenic cells. The abnormal sperm production rate shows the reproductive toxicity and adverse effects of chemical toxicants (O’Shaughnessy 2014). Susceptibility to the toxic impacts of aflatoxin B1 is vary between species and could be related to their abilities to metabolize AFB1. For instance, mice are susceptible pulmonary tumor development (Bedard et al. 2005). In accordance with our result, M.H. Salem et al. (2001) reported a significant decrease in rabbits treated with aflatoxin B1 (Salem et al. 2001). Similarly, another fertility disorder was observed in boars treated with aflatoxin B1 due to the decline of sperm concentration and abnormal spermatozoa (Picha et al. 1986). Serum testosterone level and sperm quality were significantly decreased in aflatoxin B1–treated mice, which can be one of the most important reasons for the reduction of sperm concentration (Huang et al. 2019). Aflatoxin B1 is a potent food contaminant produced by several species of Aspergillus in a molecular formula of C17H12O6 has given rise to a significant amount of reproductive toxicity in male experimental animals under exposure such as oxidative damages, decreased spermatogenesis, spermatocytes and spermatids, decreased testosterone level, and increased sperm shape abnormalities (Abdel-Rahim et al. 2014; Murad et al. 2015; Zhou et al. 2019). Nile tilapia males after being exposed to aflatoxin-contaminated diets for a long time showed a considerable reduction in testosterone level compared with a control group (Marijani et al. 2019). A study conducted in China indicated that male rabbits treated with aflatoxin B1 impaired reproductive system variables with an increased ratio of morphological sperm abnormalities and serum testosterone concentration (Sun et al. 2018). These results are in agreement with our meta-analysis findings. In other words, in the present study, we have also found that aflatoxin B1 can reduce sperm concentration in rodents at different levels. We suggested additional studies on dose–response association and the mechanism of decreasing sperm concentration induced by aflatoxin B1 in rodents.