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Viscoelastic Functions: Effect of Various Parameters
Published in B. R. Gupta, Rheology Applied in Polymer Processing, 2023
Khalil et al.[60a] have worked on effect of coupling agent and crystallinity on viscoelastic properties of composites of rice hull ash-filled semi-amorphous polypropylene (PP). Rice hull ash (RHA) is a silica rich product from agricultural waste, which has been used as filler in PP. Addition RHA increased storage modulus and onset Temp. of crystallinity, Tco and peak of crystallinity temperatures, Tc, and decreased the degree of crytallanity of the system. Two coupling agents (i) maliated Polypropylene, MAPP, and an aminofunctional silane were used to improve the interfacial adhesion of PP and RHA. Addition of MAPP increased G', Tc, and Tco and the crystalline phase of the system. Addition of silane had mixed effects. It increased the rheological properties at higher concentrations, increased Tc, and Tco at all the concentrations and increased crystallinity at lower concentrations and decreased it at higher concentrations.
Expression for calculating the compressive strength of concrete containing Rice Husk Ash
Published in Alphose Zingoni, Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 2022
Rice is one of the major food crops in the world, and its production generates an equally great amount of waste, named Rice Husk (RH). By the burning of rice husk, Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is obtained, and being it mostly composed of silica (80-95%) (Singh et al. 2014), it is considered for its pozzolanic activity in partial substitution of cement present in the concrete mix. Several studies conducted by various authors have demonstrated that the RHA partial replacement in cement can also improve the mechanical properties of concrete, such as the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength (Singh et al. 2014, Abalaka 2013).
Turning waste into zeolite 4a resin and delineation of their environmental applications: A review
Published in Badal Jageshwar Prasad Dewangan, Maheshkumar Narsingrao Yenkie, Novel Applications in Polymers and Waste Management, 2018
S. U. Meshram, B. R. Gawhane, P. B. Suhagpure
The RHA was obtained by combusting the rice husk at different temperature and durations, that is, 450-750°C for 2-6 h. The resulting black ash contains silica (SiO2) which varies from 85% to 98% depending on the burning conditions, the furnace type, the rice variety, and the rice husk moisture content. NaA type of Zeolite was synthesized from RHA with high purity and absence of impurities via the hydrothermal condition. They produce more than 90% amorphous silica from RHA.27
Sustainable synthesis of silica nanoparticles from agricultural waste and its utilization in modern technology: A review
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Aiman Shahbaz, Mahnoor Ayaz, Usama Bin Khalid, Laiba Liaqat
Amongst other agro-wastes, RHA is essential silica-rich raw material, including 90% to 98% silica besides several metallic contaminants (afterward whole burning). This is critical that silica in RHA be amorphous and have a large surface area. Because of these properties, silica has a variety of applications, including synthetic adsorption materials, pharmaceuticals, and fillers in composite materials. (Le, Thuc, and Thuc 2013). RHA is produced by burning RH at a regulated temperature. RHA is obtained as a byproduct of RH biomass power facilities. RHA disposal at landfills may be difficult owing to space constraints and might cause significant environmental concerns. The RHA is high in carbon and amorphous silica, with little mineral content. Carbon and amorphous silica have commercial and scientific potential. The silica content of different biomasses used in this review has been described in Table 2. Carbon and amorphous silica have potential commercial and scientific applications. RHA-polymer composites have the potential to tend to the growth of novel hybrid organic-inorganic materials with unique characteristics. Certainly, RH agricultural waste provides an affordable solution to rural electrification as well as a useful RHA byproduct (Pode 2016).
Mechanical properties of rice husk ash, an environmental pollutant, based composites: A step towards sustainable hybrid composites
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Alok Ranjan, Harish Kumar, Leeladhar Nagdeve, Abhishek Mishra, Gajendra Kumar Gaurav, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) are a popular type of sophisticated engineering material in today’s world. AMCs have a unique mix of qualities that are sought after in a variety of sectors, and they may be used to replace traditional aluminum alloys. AMCs are presently used in the component design for aircraft, automobiles, marine, defense assemblies, structures and facilities. The expensive cost of creating AMCs may restrict their widespread use. Using industrial waste and natural minerals as reinforcing particles is one way to reduce manufacturing costs. In comparison to commonly applied ceramic particles, RHA provides a cost-effective reinforcement. RHA is a kind of agricultural waste that is abundant around the world and pollutes the land and the environment, whereas appropriate exploitation of this farm waste would benefit the environment.
Durability of peat stabilized by RHA based geopolymer formed by adding pure alumina and bauxite powder
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Suhail Ahmad Khanday, Monowar Hussain, Amit Kumar Das
Rice husk is obtained after the milling process of paddy. During this process, the rice collected is around 78%, and the remaining 22% is rice husk. The high calorific value of rice husk makes it a good fuel in boilers to produce electricity (Jittin et al., 2020). It is found that to produce 1 megajoule of electricity, the burning of coal impacts global warming 34 times more than burning rice husk (Quispe et al., 2019). The burned rice husk contains 75% volatile matter, and the remaining 25% is converted to ash called rice husk ash (RHA). The RHA has 85–90% amorphous silica and as per ASTM C618 it is considered as pozzolanic material of class N (Jittin et al., 2020; Said et al., 2017). India is the second-largest producer of RHA after China and produces around 20 million tons yearly (Paul & Hussain, 2020a). This massive production of RHA, if not consumed effectively, leads to various environmental hazards like water and land pollution caused due to its dumping to landfills (Jittin et al., 2020). Therefore, using RHA as a binder will mitigate the problems associated with its disposal. To date, the concrete industry has successfully used RHA as a pozzolanic material as a partial replacement for cement (Fapohunda et al., 2017; Lo et al., 2021; Vijaya et al., 2021). However, researchers found that significantly less improvement has been achieved when RHA is used alone as a binder in soil stabilization (Jongpradist et al., 2018; Paul & Hussain, 2020a; Sukkarak et al., 2021); therefore, to increase its effectiveness, alkali source is required to form geopolymer.