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Sustainability and Resource Recovery of Waste Handling Services in Commercial Office Environments
Published in Hossain Md Anawar, Vladimir Strezov, Abhilash, Sustainable and Economic Waste Management, 2019
Tao Kan, Vladimir Strezov, Suraj Opatokun, James Carlile, Hossain Md Anawar
Glass containers from office buildings can enter the glass recycling stream. Glass manufacturing is material and energy-intensive which involves high-temperature reactions among raw materials such as silica sand, limestone and sodium carbonate. The recycling of glass can be very beneficial. In Australia, it is estimated that the use of recycled glass for glass production may reduce the energy consumption by 75%, compared to that of raw materials (Business Recycling, 2017). In the manufacturing of glass from recycled glass containers, they are crushed into cullet and then melted usually with addition of extra raw materials in furnaces to produce commercial glass containers. To be noted, special heat-treated glass materials like drinking glassware, light globes and pyrex are not recyclable along with other types of glass containers such as wine bottles and jam jars.
Crystalline and Two-Phase Materials
Published in Solomon Musikant, Optical Materials, 2020
Fig. 3.11 is a portion of the SiO2–B2O3–Na2O equilibrium phase diagram. The region marked II represents a region where two immiscible liquid phases exist in equilibrium at 750°C. Upon cooling from the melt temperature, these two phases solidify on a very fine scale of dispersion producing the Pyrex-like product, which is useful in some optical applications. Pyrex glass is noted particularly for its low thermal expansion coefficient and its high thermal shock resistance.
List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
The fibers are used to reinforce the fuselage of fighter aircraft, e.g., the B-1 bomber. The fibers are produced by vapor deposition of boron on a tungsten filament. Pyrex is a brand name for glassware, introduced by Corning Incorporated in 1915. Originally, Pyrex was made from thermal shock-resistant borosilicate glass. The common borate compounds include boric acid, sodium tetraborates (Borax), and boron oxide.
Experimental investigation of deep-hole micro-drilling of glass using LIPAA process
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2022
Naser Abbasi, Mohammad Reza Razfar, S. Mehdi Rezaei, Khosro Madanipour, Mohsen Khajehzadeh
Through-hole was carried out by using laser parameters similar to the machining conditions reported by Zhang.[24] A hole in the soda-lime glass was drilled by irradiating 300 to 320 laser pulses as to 21,600 laser pulses reported for drilling pyrex with 2 mm thickness. This huge difference in the number of pulses used for drilling can be justified for several reasons. In addition to the difference in the absorption coefficient of the two substances, laser with a longer pulse duration has a greater thermal effect. In this investigation, a laser with 12 ns pulse duration was used which is again different. The pulse repetition rate in this work and their study were 10 and 2 Hz, respectively. To justify the effect of pulse repetition rate, it can be said that by increasing pulse repetition rate the time interval between two consecutive pulses decreases. The time required for heat transfer in the material and cooling at the ablation zone is reduced which leads to a higher temperature of the focal spot zone. Therefore part of the thermal effect of the previous pulse contributes to the next pulse and the material ablation increases.
Experimental investigation on flexural properties of self-healing composites reinforced by shape memory strip
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2021
H. Ghanbari, S.M.R. Khalili, R. Eslami-Farsani, S. Khalili, P. Mahajan
To store healing agent (resin and hardener) in this study, short hollow glass fibers (SHGFs) (Figure 2) were used. These SHGFs are made from Pyrex glass (Borosilicate). Hollow fibers are hand-made in glass workshop of K.N. Toosi University. Hollow glass fibers with 0.8 m length, 400 m average outside diameter and 320 m average inside diameter which results in a hollowness ratio (internal area to total area) of 65% are manufactured in a constant drawing rate and controlled temperature. High hollowness ratio results in fibers with low thicknesses. In this system, soda-lime silicate, amber tubing glass and borosilicate glass can be utilized as the hollow glass fibers. In the present experiments, in order to achieve high healing efficiencies due to sufficient brittleness of the fibers, Pyrex (borosilicate glass) hollow glass tubes from bulk material was chosen [19]. In constant strain, the Pyrex glass needs lesser loads for damaging in comparison to other tested glasses. More details could be found in [20].
Trend in criticality calculation results of borated-water-moderation experimental cores relating to 10B(n, α) cross section
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2021
The benchmark set, B&W-UO2, consists of 10 UO2 cores which were partly taken from the experimental cores reported as LEU-COMP-THERM-008 in ICSBEP [6]. All the cores were loaded with the same UO2 fuel rods in a square lattice with the same fuel rod pitch of 1.64 cm. The numbers of fuel rods were arranged from 4457 to 4961; the core temperature was 20°C; the boron concentrations were adjusted to from 921 to 1511 ppm; the critical water height was 145 cm. A 3 × 3 array of PWR-type fuel assemblies with a 15 × 15 lattice occupied the central region of the cores. These nine PWR-type fuel assemblies were surrounded by a driver region of the same fuel rods as those of the central assemblies. The driver region had an irregular boundary close to a circle. There were 17 different loading configurations for the central fuel assemblies in the original benchmark set. In the seven configurations of the 17, the central fuel assemblies were loaded with Pyrex rods containing boron, the numbers of which were 4, 8, and 16 per assembly depending on the core configurations. In this study, those cores were excluded to avoid the influence on the calculated keff from boron in the Pyrex rods.