China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fungal Treatment of Pharmaceuticals in Effluents
Published in Mu Naushad, Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment, 2018
Arash Jahandideh, Sara Mardani, Rachel McDaniel, Bruce Bleakley, Gary Anderson
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compounds are a group of nonprescription pharmaceuticals with a large annual consumption. Unchanged anti-inflammatory compounds or their transformed derivatives are almost ubiquitous in all WWTP influents at concentrations of up to micrograms per liter. Many fungal species have been investigated for the degradation of anti-inflammatory compounds, and the results have shown the promising capability of fungi to degrade these compounds or their derivatives. To date, the successful use of fungi for removal of the following anti-inflammatory drugs has been reported: IBP (Rodarte-Morales et al., 2011), Diclofenac (Rodarte-Morales et al., 2011), NPX (Rodarte-Morales et al., 2011), Fenoprofen (Tran et al., 2010), Indomethacin (Tran et al., 2010), Ketoprofen (Marco-Urrea et al., 2010b), Mefenamic (Hata et al., 2010), Caffeine (Cruz-Morató et al., 2014), and Propyphenazone (Tran et al., 2010).
Evaluation of Water and Its Contaminants
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 5, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Studies in the United States have detected very low levels of pharmaceuticals in finished drinking water. The highest concentration reported was 40 ng/L for meprobamate.521 Studies have also found several pharmaceuticals in tap water at concentrations ranging from nanograms to low micrograms per liter in several countries in Europe, including Germany, the Netherlands, and Italy.522 Two separate studies in Germany511,523 found phenazone and propyphenazone (an analgesic and an antipyretic drug, respectively) in Berlin drinking water, with the highest concentration being 400 ng/L for phenazone. This high value was largely attributed to groundwater, used as a drinking water source, contaminated with sewage.524 In the Netherlands, traces of antibiotics, antiepileptics, and beta blockers were detected in the drinking water supply at concentrations below 100 ng/L, with most concentrations below 50 ng/L.525
Harnessing biodegradation potential of rapid sand filtration for organic micropollutant removal from drinking water: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Jinsong Wang, David de Ridder, Albert van der Wal, Nora B. Sutton
In RSF, most of OMPs biodegradation is incomplete and transformation products (TPs) can be formed. For instance, it has been shown that phenazone, propyphenazone and demethylaminophenazone (DMAA) can be degraded during microcosm experiments with biologically active sand material collected from field-scale RSF (Zuehlke et al., 2007). Meanwhile, related TPs of DMAA are formed during the treatment process, such as 1-acetyl-1-methyl-2-dimethyloxamoyl-2-phenylhydrazide, 1-acetyl-1-methyl-2-phenylhydrazide, formylaminoantipyrine, and acetoaminoantipyrine (Zuehlke et al., 2007). In the subsequent field investigation, Zuehlke et al. (2007) find that phenazone and propyphenazone have degraded into their metabolites.
Determination of pharmaceutical active compounds in Ceyhan River, Turkey: Seasonal, spatial variations and environmental risk assessment
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019
Evsen Yavuz Guzel, Fatma Cevik, Nebile Daglioglu
Risk assessments were obtained by using risk quotient which is based on the reported PNECs. The highest seasonal MECs were used to calculate the worst case scenario for environmental risk assessment. RQ values were calculated for the 10 most frequently detected pharmaceutical compounds (carbamazepine, lidocaine, pseudoephedrine, citalopram, propyphenazone, diphenhydramine, caffeine, sertraline, amitriptyline, gabapentin) in the Ceyhan River throughout the study. The highest seasonal MECs, PNECs, and calculated RQ values for each seasons are presented in Table 2.