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Microbially Inspired Nanostructures for Management of Food-Borne Pathogens
Published in Mahendra Rai, Patrycja Golińska, Microbial Nanotechnology, 2020
Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam, Khamis Youssef, Farah K. Ahmed, Hassan Almoammar
Guentzel et al. (2010) showed that treatment of B. cinerea with near-neutral electrolyzed water (10, 25, 50, 75, 100 ppm TRC; pH 6.3–6.5; 10 min contact time) in pure culture resulted in a 6 log10 spores/ml reduction and 100% inactivation. Electrolyzed water is effective in preventing gray rot of peaches due to the germination of B. cinerea (Venturini 2013). In a recent study, 13 salt solutions were used to generate alkaline and acidic electrolyzed water and demonstrated a general reduction of gray mold development on ‘Crimson Seedless’ table grape. Potassium sorbate, sodium carbonate, and sodium metabisulfite were the most effective salts to generate the electrolyzed water under natural infection as they showed higher activity against Botrytis mold (Youssef et al. 2018).
Cross-Linked Polymers for Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Munmaya K. Mishra, Applications of Encapsulation and Controlled Release, 2019
Kotreka et al. prepared an ion-activated in situ gel loaded with estradiol eye drops for the prevention of age-related cataracts. The in situ gels were prepared from gellan gum, polysorbate-80, mannitol, potassium sorbate, and edetate disodium dihydrate (EDTA). Drug release from the gel followed a non-Fickian mechanism over a period of 8 h with 80% drug release. The drug release was by diffusion due to polymer erosion. The formulation was stable over a long period of 6 months. The apparent viscosity of the formulation was in the range of 12.5–23.2 cps. The formulations exhibited phase transition when in contact with the simulated tear fluid cations. The absorption of the drug into the eyes in the aqueous humor was 250-fold higher than in the systemic circulation, resulting from the viscoelastic nature of the gel, which promoted extended precorneal drug residence time and consequential reduction in drug drainage through the nasolacrimal duct. There was an absence of significant irritation or toxicity in the ocular tissues in vivo [9]. Mohan et al. prepared in situ gels for the delivery of ciprofloxacin from poly acrylic acid (Carbopol 940), HPMC, Pluronic F-127, and gellan gum. The formulations were liquid at room temperature and underwent rapid gelation at a pH of 7.4 and at a temperature of 37°C. The antimicrobial activity of the loaded ciprofloxacin in the formulations prepared was retained, and the formulations were stable over an extended period of 7 weeks [10].
Development of Ophthalmic Formulations
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Paramita Sarkar, Martin Coffey, Mohannad Shawer
Antimicrobial acids have a useful pH range around the pKa of the acid, and the optimal antimicrobial activity will typically occur very close to this pKa. The most commonly used acid for the preservation of ophthalmic formulations is sorbic acid (or potassium sorbate), which has a pKa of 4.76. Sorbic acid is primarily antifungal, but it does have antibacterial activity. Sorbic acid is useful in the pH range of 4.5–6 and is usually combined with EDTA or other preservatives for broad-spectrum preservation. Sorbic acid is sensitive to oxidation, which results in discoloration of the product, and is more rapidly degraded at temperatures above 38°C. Boric acid is another useful acid for preservation in ophthalmic formulations; however, its activity is classified as bacteriostatic rather than biocidal.
Potassium sorbate as substitute for KCl to shale inhibition in water-base drilling fluids
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Majid Naeimavi, Fereydoon Khazali, Mohammad Abdideh, Zohreh Saadati
The name of Potassium sorbate is found mostly on the labels of food products; its function to prevent mildew and to increase life longevity of the product. Potassium sorbate generated industrially by neutralizing the sorbic acid with KOH (Website1). China is the biggest Potassium sorbate supplier country in the world. The production capacity of Potassium sorbate and sorbic acid in China reached 165,000 tons in 2016 (Website2). Some specifications of Potassium sorbate are shown in Table 1.