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Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
Revati Phalkey, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, John O’Hagan, Mutahir Ahmad, Darren Addison, Tracy Gooding, Timothy W Gant, Emma L Marczylo, Caryn L Cox
Carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in three ways: firstly in simple solution as carbonic acid and secondly, as sodium bicarbonate in the plasma and potassium bicarbonate in the red blood cells. Thirdly, it is carried as neutral carbamino protein, mainly with haemoglobin in the red cells.
Signalling Colour Smoke Compositions
Published in Ajoy K. Bose, Military Pyrotechnics, 2021
However, some compositions may produce flame at the reaction zone due to combustion of dye vapour, giving black smoke. This may be overcome by the use of flash inhibitors, like sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), that produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and lower the temperature of the composition as well as dilute the air and avoid direct contact of the dye vapour with air, avoiding flaming of the composition.
Nonconjugated Symmetrical Dienes
Published in George B. Butler, Cyclopolymerization and Cyclocopolymerization, 2020
A method for separating sodium ions from solutions of quaternary diallylammonium salts involved precipitating the sodium ion as sodium carbonate.192 The method included addition of a saturated solution of a controlled mixture of ammonium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate, resulting in removal of up to 63% of the sodium ion as a precipitate of sodium carbonate.
Evaluation of potential feedstock for biogas production via anaerobic digestion in Malaysia: kinetic studies and economics analysis
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Yik Fu Lim, Yi Jing Chan, Yousif Abdalla Abakr, Vasanthi Sethu, Anurita Selvarajoo, Ajit Singh, Junyan Lee, Milton Gareth
FW is characterised by complex components and organic material. There are several types of FW such as household and restaurant FW, fruit and vegetable waste, dairy waste and brewery waste [62]. In general, the characteristics of FW are as shown in Table 2. The FW employed by Pramanik et al. [63] consists of egg, noodles, fish, vegetables, fruits, chicken and rice. For sources from Xiao et al. [64], the FW are mainly vegetables (36%), meat, fish and egg (14%), rice and noodles (make up the remaining percent). Lastly, for Chuenchart et al. [65], FW are generated from restaurants, however no specific composition is mentioned by the researchers. Looking at their VS/TS ratio, it is well over 0.5 which shows that it has high organic content. Also, C/N ratio is close to the range of 20–30 which is still considered fine for AD without any additional pre-treatment steps. For pH, it is acidic with values between 4.1 and 4.5, which is lower than the optimum range. This can be adjusted by using potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate in AD system to maintain the pH within the optimum range [58]. In addition, the COD shown from the table is relatively high, which indicates that there is large amount of degradable matter. Thus, FW is a suitable feedstock for AD to produce a substantial amount of biogas.
The effect of different post-electroplating surface modification treatments on tin whisker growth
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2019
D. M. Haspel, M. A. Ashworth, G. D. Wilcox, X. Bao, R. J. Mortimer
Three solutions were prepared for the post-electroplating surface modification treatments. One solution was for electrochemical oxidation and the other two solutions were used to generate conversion coatings. Electrochemical oxidation was carried out using a pH 8.9 potassium bicarbonate-potassium carbonate solution (0.75 mol L−1 of potassium bicarbonate and 0.05 mol L−1 of potassium carbonate, both Sigma Aldrich). The solution was prepared using deionised water and the pH was adjusted to 8.9, using additions of sodium hydroxide (Fisher Scientific).
Degradation of RDX, TNT, and HMX during EPA 8330B Sample Processing and Analysis of Soils under Hydrated Lime or Dithionite-Based Chemical Remediation
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2019
Marc-Olivier Turcotte-Savard, Sylvie Brochu
Acetonitrile (HPLC grade) was purchased from Fischer Scientific. Methanol (99.9% HPLC grade) was purchased from EMD chemicals. Nano-pure water was obtained from a Barnstead Nanopure Ultrapure water system model 04741. Calcium hydroxide (≥ 95%), potassium carbonate (K2CO3) (> 99%), and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) were purchased from Laboratoire MAT.