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m-Aminophenol
Published in John R. Kosak, Thomas A. Johnson, Catalysis of Organic Reactions, 2020
Hydrolysis rates using sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide were similar. In practice, however, the potassium hydroxide was preferred to the sodium hydroxide due to the greater solubility of the resulting potassium acetate in aqueous solution (73 wt% versus 33 wt%). Co-precipitation of large quantities of sodium acetate (25–50 wt%) with 3-ACO resulted in dissolution of considerable quantities of sodium acetate during the extraction of 3-ACO with a dehydrogenation solvent such as triglyme or dimethyacetamide in step 3. The salt apparently plugged the pores of the supported dehydrogenation catalyst, resulting in loss of activity. Only 2–4 wt% of the potassium salt was occluded in the crystals of 3-ACO, and extraction with dehydrogenation solvent only carried mmole quantities with the 3-ACO.
Acids and Bases
Published in Michael B. Smith, A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry, 2020
The relatively weak base (potassium acetate) is protonated in the acidic solution (pH 4) to give acetic acid (ethanoic acid). The equilibrium in the acidic medium is shifted toward the acid. What is the pKa of acetic acid (ethanoic acid = CH3COOH) in water? The pKa of HCl in water?
Health, Safety, and Environment in Offshore
Published in Shashi Shekhar Prasad Singh, Jatin R. Agarwal, Nag Mani, Offshore Operations and Engineering, 2019
Shashi Shekhar Prasad Singh, Jatin R. Agarwal, Nag Mani
Class K: Fuels in this class are similar to Class B fuels, but involve high-temperature cooking oils and therefore have special characteristics. Class K agents are usually wet chemicals, water-based solutions of potassium carbonate-based chemicals, potassium acetate-based chemicals, or potassium citrate-based chemicals, or a combination.
Alkali-silica reaction in calcium aluminate cement mortars induced by deicing salts solutions
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2022
In the present work, 6.5 M solution of potassium acetate was used as a principal deicing salt solution, since water solution of potassium acetate of that concentration (50% solution) is commonly used for airport runways winter maintenance (Diamond et al., 2006). 6.5 M solution of sodium acetate was also used in the experiment to estimate the influence of cation associated with the acetate group. 6.5 molar concentration was maintained despite the fact that solubility of sodium acetate is lower comparing to potassium acetate, and at 20°C 6.5 molar solution is supersaturated. However, at 80°C it is undersaturated, and it is possible to perform the tests and compare the influence of both salts at the same concentration. 1 mole/dm3 sodium acetate solution was also examined to investigate the influence of concentration on matrix stability. To compare the action of organic deicers with commonly used mineral ones, sodium chloride was also used in the tests. Since the solubility of sodium chloride is lower than the solubility of acetates, it was not possible to keep the same molar concentration, and that’s why 25% solution of sodium chloride by weight (4.1 moles/dm3) was used for the tests. As a reference, 1 mole/dm3 and 6.5 mole/dm3 sodium hydroxide solutions were also used in the tests. It was used to compare the influence of hydroxide and salts, and on the other hand to compare the action of a compound which directly delivers hydroxyl ions into the system (sodium hydroxide) with compounds (salts) which do not deliver hydroxyl ions directly.