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Hydrophobic Organic-Inorganic Nanohybrids
Published in Chang-Sik Ha, Saravanan Nagappan, Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Organic-Inorganic Nanohybrids, 2018
Chang-Sik Ha, Saravanan Nagappan
Nagappan et al. synthesized a hydrophobic organic-inorganic hybrid material by surface grafting under the hydrosilylation of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) and 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFBMA) in the presence of a platinum divinyl tetramethyldisiloxane complex in a vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane catalyst under a nitrogen atmosphere [29]. The fluoro-surface-grafted polymethylsiloxane (FPMS) hybrid material was modified further by a reaction with TEOS and hydrolyzed in the presence of ethanol and water (Scheme 2.2) [29]. A highly transparent organic-inorganic hybrid material was also synthesized using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3-6H2O), and trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMSH). The hybrid material (PVCFeS) was synthesized in two steps by first preparing an iron-based precursor, followed by surface grafting the precursor with PVC (Scheme 2.3) [30]. The resulting hybrid material solution showed transparent and excellent stability after storage for long periods of time.
Sustainable and rapid production of biofuel γ-valerolactone from biomass-derived levulinate enabled by a fluoride-ionic liquid
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Yan Li, Weibo Wu, Hu Li, Wenfeng Zhao, Song Yang
With relatively pronounced reducing abilities, polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) is nontoxic, moisture-stable, cheap, and environment-friendly (Zhao et al. 2018; Li et al, 2018c; Li et al, 2018b; Li et al, 2018c;). Electronegative anions like fluoride can interact with Si atom of hydrosilane to generate more active reductant silicon intermediate species, thereby enhancing the hydrosilane reducibility (Li et al, 2017a; Liu et al. 2016). Ionic liquids (ILs) consisting of cations and anions, which possess superior properties such as negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability, and green nature, have attracted increasing attention in various applications as both solvents and catalysts (Vekariya 2017). As compared with the traditional catalysts, ILs are typically more sustainable, lost-cost, and eco-friendly, which are also capable of affording satisfied yields under mild reaction conditions (Zhang, Song, and Han 2016). In this regard, ionic liquids (ILs) as green and safe liquid media, especially with highly active anion counterparts, may be potential candidates for activation of hydrosilane to supply hydride during the reduction process (Sheldon 2001).