China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Trace Organics
Published in Robert H. Kadlec, Treatment Marshes for Runoff and Polishing, 2019
Because of the large number of compounds of interest, nomenclature presents a first challenge. There are four basic ways to identify a specific trace organic: The chemical formula, which specifies the number of atoms of each element contained in the compound.The chemical structure, which specifies the interconnectivity of the constituent elements and groups of elements.The CAS Number, which is a unique numerical identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to every chemical substance described in the open scientific literature including all substances described from 1957 through the present (>143 million).The common name for the principal ingredient, or trade name(s) under which the chemical is marketed.
Water Toxics
Published in Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore, Introduction to Environmental Management, 2021
Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore
Regarding (1) above, the CAS is the Chemical Abstracts Service registry number. The CAS number is a unique number assigned to each substance by the Chemical Abstracts Service of the American Chemical Society. It definitively identifies the substance regardless of how it is named or how its formula is written. No two substances have the same CAS #. The DOT is the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) identification number and is a four-digit hazard code that is particular to a chemical’s enlistment in the Hazardous Materials Table in the DOT regulations. This four-digit number must be used on transport documents, labels, packages, freight containers, tank vessels, etc., since it is used to determine the regulations for shipping a specific substance or material.
Introduction
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
By February 2002, the CAS had allocated CAS numbers for 19,357,053 organic and inorganic substances and 17,255,658 sequences, making a total of 36,612,711 chemical substance registrations. At the time of this analysis, the most recent CAS number is 393780-00-2. This therefore defines a ‘universe’ of known chemical entities.
Supportive effect of naringenin on NaCl-induced toxicity in Carthamus tinctorius seedlings
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Shahab Hatamipoor, Leila Shabani, Sadegh Farhadian
Half of the 21-days-old seedlings were transferred to fresh Hoagland solution containing naringenin (0.5 mM) for 72 h. Naringenin (Alfa Aesar, Thermo Fisher (Kandel) GmbH, Germany; 97%; CAS Number 67604-48-2) was dissolved in distilled water with 5% Tween 80. After naringenin pretreatment, the naringenin was removed by washing and changing fresh Hoagland solution. In the second sub-group, seedlings were transferred to new Hoagland solution without naringenin (0 mM). Three days after treatment, half of the naringenin-pretreated seedlings and half of the non-pretreated seedlings were separated and irrigated with half-strength Hoagland’s nutrition containing 25 mM of NaCl for one week. The experiment was performed with a complete randomized design with 3 replicates using the following treatments: (1) Control, (2) NaCl, (3) Naringenin, (4) Naringenin + NaCl. Plants were harvested after one week of treatment and stored at −80 °C until further analyses.
Lead acetate induces apoptosis in Leydig cells by activating PPARγ/caspase-3/PARP pathway
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Li Zhou, Susu Wang, Lina Cao, Xiangmei Ren, Yuanhong Li, Jihong Shao, Lichun Xu
Lead acetate trihydrate (CAS Number: 6080–56-4; purity 99.5%; solubility: 44.3 g/100 g water at 20°C) were purchased from Chemical Reagent Sinopharm Group Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylterazolium bromide (MTT, purity:>98%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM)/nutrient mixture (Ham’s) F-12 with HEPES and Fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Hyclone Laboratories (Hyclone Rd., Logan, UT, USA), while horse serum was from Gibco Laboratories (Grand Island, USA). The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) kit, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), cell radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA) lysis buffer, the ultrasensitive enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit, and Hoechst 33,258 commercial kit, antibodies against GAPDH, α-tubulin and HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG were all obtained from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Nantong, China). The Annexin V-phycoerythrin/7-amino-actinomycin D (Annexin V-PE/7-AAD) apoptosis detection kit was provided by BD Pharmingen, Inc. (San Diego, CA, USA). PPARγ inhibitor (T0070907) was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were procured from Minipore corporation (Massachusetts, USA). Antibodies against Bcl-2, Bax, PPARγ, caspase-3, and PARP were purchased from Proteintech Group, Inc (Chicago, IL, USA). All other chemicals were of high-grade purity available from commercial sources.
Toward elemental analysis of ambient single particles using electrodynamic balance and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2020
Paavo Heikkilä, Jussi Rossi, Antti Rostedt, Janne Huhtala, Anssi Järvinen, Juha Toivonen, Jorma Keskinen
Two experiments were conducted using the same aerosol source with different generation methods. The used test sample was kaolinite mineral dust (CAS Number 1318-74-7, Sigma-Aldrich Corp., St. Louis, MO, USA), which consists of aluminum, silicon, oxygen and hydrogen. The first generation method was a wet generation method using a piezo-electric droplet dispenser as in Järvinen et al. (2014). The second method was a dry generation method using a simple glass vial attached to a magnetic stirrer, which produced a polydisperse aerosol in the size range of 1–10 µm. When using the powder generation method, the aerosol was first pre-charged with an inverse charge compared to the actual charger to prevent the analyzed particles being charged due to the generating system itself. Multiple spectra from both samples were analyzed with constant EDB and emission detection parameters, which are listed in Table S3, including the used components. The optical components are described in more detail by Järvinen et al. (2014).