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Conducting Polymers
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Conducting Polymers, 2022
N. Raghavendra Naveen, Girirajasekhar Dornadula, Pamayyagari Kalpana, Lakshmi Narasimha Gunturu
Polyaniline can be synthesized by using a monomer precursor of the corresponding polymer along with an oxidizing agent. This reaction can be carried out under ambient conditions in the presence of a suitable acid. End reaction is identified by a color change to green color. Oxidizing agents like ammonium peroxydisulfate, potassium bichromate, and ceric nitrate are used. The pH of the acid can be maintained in the range of 1–3 to make the polymer and composite with good conductivity. A few methods for the synthesis of polyaniline are given in Table 21.4.
Electroactive Polymers for Drug Delivery
Published in Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula, Adil A. Gobouri, Electroactive Polymeric Materials, 2022
Mehdi Mogharabi-Manzari, Masoud Salehipour, Zahra Pakdin-Parizi, Shahla Rezaei, Roya Khosrokhavar, Ali Motaharian
Polyaniline is an important conducting polymer that is widely used in drug delivery because of its unique properties, such as high biocompatibility, high electrical conductivity, low-toxicity, good environmental stability and hydrophilicity (Zare et al., 2019). A photothermal and biodegradable polyaniline nanocomposite was synthesized via the oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers on the surface of porous nano silica. The prepared nanocomposite showed effective loading of doxorubicin hydrochloride and dual near infrared light and pH-triggered release (Xia et al., 2017). A polyaniline–chitosan composite (Figure 19. 8) was fabricated and applied as a semi-interpenetrating polymer network for an in vitro release study of ketoprofen (Minisy et al., 2021)
2 Composite Based Anticorrosive Coating
Published in S.K. Dhawan, Hema Bhandari, Gazala Ruhi, Brij Mohan Singh Bisht, Pradeep Sambyal, Corrosion Preventive Materials and Corrosion Testing, 2020
S.K. Dhawan, Hema Bhandari, Gazala Ruhi, Brij Mohan Singh Bisht, Pradeep Sambyal
Polyaniline is highly conducting and can be readily converted between its various oxidation states. These oxidation states differ from each other by the number of quinoid rings, which range from zero to two in the elementary unit of four rings, with the other rings being benzenoid. The interconversion between the emeraldine base, with three benzenoid rings, and the leucoemeraldine base (LB), with four benzenoid rings; and the interconversion between the base and conducting salt can be seen in Figure 3.7. In all cases, electroneutrality of the polymer is maintained by the presence of counter anions.
The preparation and performance of polyaniline coated polyester fabrics
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Xiaoming Zhao, Jiarui Sun, Yuanjun Liu, Yi Wang
Polyaniline is a common conducting polymer; it is readily available, has high conductivity, good stability, good doping potential, and is easy to prepare. Accordingly, it has many attractive application prospects (Liu, Liu et al., 2017; Liu, Zhao et al., 2017; Movassagh-Alanagh et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017). Its limited solubility and infusibility restrict its processing; most of the research was to prepare the conductive composite membrane, but the film strength is very poor (Liu & Zhao, 2017; Megha et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2019). To avoid these problems, a composite of polyaniline and suitable fabrics can be prepared. This type of composite has good resilience force, mechanical properties and flexibility amongst other characteristics (Chen et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019).
Facile synthesis of metal nanoparticle-loaded polymer nanocomposite with highly efficient an optically enhanced biocidal and anticancer agents
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
M. Senthilkumar, R. Pandimurugan, S. Palanisamy, S. Mohandoss
Polyaniline (PANI) retains extensive interest because technological applications such as electrodes for display devices, sensors, ion gates, electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries potentially exist for these materials. However, many PANI derivatives have also been studied because PANI has the disadvantage of being insoluble in organic solvents. In particular, PANI derivative poly (2,5-dimethoxyaniline) (PDMA) has received attention because it is easily soluble in various organic solvents owing to the presence of two methoxy groups. The polymer growth was fast as a result of the electron donor ability of the methoxy group m the ortho position with respect to the amine group. Polyaniline/Pt-Pd nanocomposite demonstrated superior antibacterial action, according to Boomi et al. [13]. AgNPs have also been extensively used in the treatment of cancer diagnosis [14, 15]. According to Austin et al., AgNPs induce cell apoptosis at low concentrations via cellular attraction, involved in cell assembling and self-killing; the agglomeration existence allowed the ROS species produced by the occurrence of AgNPs to cross the membranes of neighboring cells, resulting in confined cell death. Increased AgNP concentrations reduced cellular attraction and clustering [16]. AgNPs may operate as a photodynamic therapy, according to El-Hussein et al. [17]. Habiba et al. [18] have stated the synergistic effect of AgNPs in cancer treatment by the combination of chemotherapeutic and photodynamic therapeutic effects. Wang et al. [19] have been reported the nucleus-targeted delivery of the active drug, hybrid PEGylated AgNPs with quantum dots nano-platforms as in vitro delivery of cancer cells.
Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using polyaniline/graphene oxide or polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide composites
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
E. A. El-Sharkaway, Rasha M. Kamel, Ibrahim M. El-Sherbiny, Sally S. Gharib
Polyaniline was prepared by polymerization using potassium persulphate (KPS) as oxidant and HCl as a doping agent, respectively 1 g of aniline was dissolved in 75 ml of 1 M HCl. While maintaining vigorous stirring within icy temperature (0–5°C), KPS (2.5 g) in 25 mL of 1 M HCl was rapidly added to aniline solution. The mixture was stirred for 12 h at temperature 0–5°C. At the end, the product was collected by filtration (0.22 μm, Millipore filter paper) and washed with bi-distilled water and then ethanol several times, until the filtrate became colourless. The obtained polymer was dried in a vacuum oven at 60°C [16].