China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Other Techniques Essential for Modern Reliability Management: I
Published in Edgar Bradley, Reliability Engineering, 2016
These lubricants are used to provide lubrication and rust protection for the rope and to reduce friction between the individual strands. Lighter-bodied oils may be used and applied by spray. Pine tar is often included to increase stickiness and to increase the oil’s penetrative ability. Such lubrication serves for outdoor conditions such as cableways and ropes on sheaves in mine headgears.
A comparative environmental impact analysis of asphalt mixtures containing crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement using life cycle assessment
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2021
Sara Bressi, Joao Santos, Marko Orešković, Massimo Losa
Devulcanisation and refining. All the input and outputs of the devulcanisation process were collected from literature (Li et al.2014). Specifically, plasticisers (pine tar and rosin) were considered to be added to improve rubber plasticity after the shredding process. Pine tar is a viscous and sticky liquid obtained from pine through destructive distillation. Rosin is a solid resin obtained from the oil of pine trunk. The desulfurisation tank is kept at a high temperature (approximately 230°C) and under pressure (2.2 MPa). The waste gas discharged in two different moments was treated. The first gas steam is discharged from the desulfurisation tank, after it is cooled and decompressed. Finally, a gas absorber with sodium carbonate is used to remove almost entirely the contaminants from the steam. The other one is discharged from the heat conduction oil furnace and consists mainly of CO2, NOX and SO2 (Li et al.2014). A wet-flue gas desulfurisation system, which relies on 96% efficiency in dust collection and 75% desulfurisation efficiency, was used. After the devulcanisation process, the rubber is reprocessed in the refining stage where non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) are collected and absorbed with an efficiency of 80%. After that, they are released to the atmosphere. Table 4 reports the input and output of the devulcanisation and refining processes.