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Advances in the Photo-Oxidation of Nitro-Organic Explosives Present in the Aqueous Phase
Published in Maulin P. Shah, Removal of Refractory Pollutants from Wastewater Treatment Plants, 2021
Pallvi Bhanot, Anchita Kalsi, S. Mary Celin, Sandeep Kumar Sahai, Rajesh Kumar Tanwar
α-FeOOH (goethite) is a commonly available oxy-hydroxide in the surroundings and is present together with α-Fe2O3 (Auerbach et al. 2003). Goethite is the most abundant and steady of all oxy-hydroxides and it has the ability to combine a varied range of ecologically vital oxy-anions and cations in its composite matrix. It is generally applied for degrading organic contaminants as it is effective at a varied range of pH, comparatively inexpensive, eco-friendly, thermodynamically constant, and has a greater productivity under UV rays (Li et al. 2007). Liou and Lu (2008) used granular-size goethite (-FeOOH) particles as an adsorbent for the removal of picric acid (PA) and ammonium picrate (AP) present in a solution under acidic conditions. Experimental results demonstrated that target explosives (PA and AP) were adsorbed superficially on goethite whilst oxidation was taking place. Optimal amounts of goethite for the treatment were observed to be 0.4 g/50 mL. It was also reported that the further addition of goethite repressed the removal rate but boosted the adsorption rate of explosive compounds.
Terms and Definitions
Published in Rick Houghton, William Bennett, Emergency Characterization of Unknown Materials, 2020
Rick Houghton, William Bennett
Very instable compounds can react vigorously or explosively under conditions of impact such as a hammer blow or even slightly elevated temperature or pressure. Some of the very instable substances are: Ammonium perchlorateAzo and diazo compoundsAcetylidesAzidesFulminatesHydrogen peroxide solutions (91% by weight)Many organic peroxidesNitro and nitroso compoundsNitrate estersPerchloric acid solutions (over 72.5% by weight)Picric acidPicrate saltsTriazines
Ingredients of Pyrotechnic Compositions
Published in Ajoy K. Bose, Military Pyrotechnics, 2021
Large volume of gases are required for whistling composition. Fuels Gallic Acid, Potassium benzoate, Sodium benzoate, Potassium picrate, Sodium salicylate, Potassium dinitrophenolate, Potassium hydrogen phthalate are used for whistling composition.
3,5-Diethyl-2r,6c-di(4-chlorophenyl)piperidin-4-one picrate: synthesis, spectral, biological, DFT, ADME and molecular docking studies
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
S. Savithiri, S. Bharanidharan, G. Rajarajan, P. Sugumar, M. Arockia Doss
The piperidinium picrate was prepared by mixing equimolar solutions of the corresponding 3,5-diethyl-2r,6c-di(4-chlorophenyl)piperidin-4-one with picric acid in ethanol and stirring the solution for 30 min. The yellowish crystals formed were filtered. The yield of the product was found to be 94%. The harvested crystals were recrystallised repeated to get excellent quality crystals. Yield (%): 82; m.p (°C): 190-192; MF: C27H26Cl2N4O; Elemental analysis (%): Calcd: C, 53.91; H, 4.37; N, 9.27; Found: C, 53.56; H, 4.33; N, 9.25; IR (KBr, cm–1): 3429 (N–H stretching), 3167–3074 (aromatic C–H stretching), 2980–2844 (aliphatic C–H stretching), 1712 (C=O stretching), 1628 (C=C stretching), 1438 (C–O stretching), 1559, 1491 (NO2 asymmetric stretching), 1364, 1337, 1304 (NO2 symmetric stretching), 1089 (C–N stretching), 791–710 (aromatic C–H out of plane bending vibration); 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ, ppm): 9.46 (d, 1H, Ax-NH), 10.09 (d, 1H, Eq-NH), 8.60 (s, 2H, picryl ring), 7.49–7.71 (m, 8H, Ar-H), 4.74 (t, 2H, H-6a & H-2a, J= 9.6 Hz), 3.32 (t, 2H, H-3a & H-5a, J= 7.2 Hz), 1.24–1.39 (m, 4H, CH2), 0.74 (t, 6H, CH3, J= 6.8 Hz); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ, ppm): 203.83 (C=O), 124.40–141.75 (Ar–C), 160.78 (C–O), 61.91 (C-2 & C-6), 51.46 (C-3 & C-5), 17.82 (CH2), 10.66 (CH3).
Synthesis, spectral characterisations of 3t-pentyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-one oxime picrates: DFT studies and potent anti-microbial agents
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
S. Savithiri, G. Rajarajan, S. Bharanidharan, M. Arockia doss
By virtue of its Lewis acid behaviour, picric acid forms crystalline picrate salts with a variety of organic molecules and functions as a better acidic ligand in the creation of salts through particular electrostatic or hydrogen bonding interactions [6,7]. The nature of the partners participating in the bond-formation process determines the strength and kind of the electron donor–acceptor type bonding in the picric acid complexes. The linkage includes both the creation of chemical complexes and electrostatic interactions [8]. Due to the presence of phenolic OH, which encourages the formation of salts with diverse organic bases, picric acid derivatives are intriguing non-linear optical (NLO) possibilities. The picrate moiety, the conjugate base of picric acid, experiences a rise in molecular hyperpolarisability due to the proton transfer [9].
Role of temperature and precipitates on the evolution of microstructure and texture during grain growth of Mg–3Al–0.2Ce alloy
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2022
D. Panda, R. K. Sabat, S. Suwas, S. K. Sahoo
Hot rolled Mg–3Al–0.2Ce alloy samples, obtained from General Motors, USA, were annealed at 400°C for 4 hrs followed by rolling up to 90% reduction in thickness at 350°C. The rolling was carried out in a laboratory rolling mill at a true strain of 10% during each rolling pass. However, to maintain the temperature of the sample during rolling, the sample was kept in a tubular furnace under an argon atmosphere situated adjacent to the rolling mill. From the rolled sheet (i.e. one single sheet), a large number of samples have been prepared for subsequent annealing treatments. The annealing was carried out in a tubular furnace under an argon atmosphere, at temperatures of 200, 300, 400, and 450°C for different periods ranging from 1 to 1440 min (i.e. 1 min to 1 day). A similar study has been carried out for pure magnesium by the authors [50]. In this study, it has been tried to find out the precipitates present in the alloy & their role on texture and microstructure evolution during grain growth. The samples were then metallographically polished using SiC emery papers (starting from 1000 to 3000 grit) followed by diamond polishing (5–6 and 0.25 μm) using filtered kerosene as a lubricant. The etchant used for optical microscopy was a mixture of 50 ml ethanol, 3 gm picric acid, 2.5 ml acetic acid, and 5 ml distilled water (i.e. the acetic-picrate reagent) for an etching time of 3–5 sec.