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Industrial Applications of Bacterial Enzymes
Published in Pankaj Bhatt, Industrial Applications of Microbial Enzymes, 2023
The two main sectors, poultry and swine, are where feed enzymes are generally consumed; however, the use of enzymes in aquaculture and for feeding ruminants and pets is also planned in the near future [128, 103, 129, 130, 131]. Phytase enzyme, the principal section in the feed industry, that hydrolyzes phytic acid associated natural phosphorus in cereal-based seeds. Phytic acid is well known to possess anti-nutritional behavior due to strong affinity to chelate divalent ions. Therefore, it is extremely poor as a dietary source of phosphorous. To improve bio-availability of micronutrients, phytase enzyme is used [132, 133, 129].
Extraction, Isolation and Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from rice Waste
Published in Quan V. Vuong, Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural and Food Waste, 2017
Phytic acids have been reported as antibiotic compounds since 1990. However, studies on the extraction and purification of these components are limited. The recent phytic acids extraction process is mostly based on qualitative testing (Goufo et al. 2014). As with other bioactive substances in rice grains, phytic acid is usually isolated by solvent extraction followed by precipitation. Phytic acids can also be isolated by shaking with 1.8 per cent (w/v) HCl for 2 hours. The extracted phytic acids are then precipitated by 0.2 per cent FeCl3, followed by washing with NaOH, HCl and de-ionized water. Concentrated phytic acids in rice bran are in the range of 38–60 mg/g (Wang et al. 2011). Other research extracted and isolated phytic acids in rice bran using HCl, Ca(OH)2 and NaOH. Rice bran is firstly submerged in 0.1 M HCl for 30 min and then treated with microwave and ultrasonic treatment. Ca(OH)2 (10 per cent) was then added along with 1 M NaOH, to precipitate the calcium phytic acids. This compound was then acidified with 001 x 7 resin to produce phytic acid. The maximum extraction rate of this method was reported to be 6.75 per cent (Xiong et al. 2012). Phytic acids have also been extracted by using HCl (5 per cent w/w) at pH 1.0 by shaking, followed by centrifugation. Freeze drying has been used to concentrate extracted phytic acids (Norazalina et al. 2010). However, studies on the extraction and purification of phytic acids in rice grain have been limited and need to be the focus of further research.
Chemistry and Agriculture: Helping to Feed the World
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
Plants store phosphate largely in the form of inositol hexaphosphate, also known as phytic acid. Phytic acid is considered to be an “anti-nutrient” for humans and other nonruminants, because it is nondigestible, and it can complex metal ions such as Al3+, Zn2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+. Ruminants can digest phytates because of the presence of suitable enzymes (phytases).c
Phytic acid modified N1923 solvent impregnated resins for adsorption of in(III)
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Xuezhen Gao, Yuanyuan Wan, Junshen Liu, Xunyong Liu, Lei Guo, Shengxiao Zhang
Phytic acid (PA), as a natural, nontoxic substance, is a cyclic compound with six phosphoric acid groups, and can chelate metal ions. In recent years, the adsorption of metal ions by PA modified adsorption materials have been reported.[23–25] Ali et al.[26] reported that it showed higher adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) on PA modified poly-phenylglycine. PA effectively improved the adsorption capacity of poly-phenylglycine. Kim et al.[27] reported that the adsorption capability of polyaniline nanofibers (PAni NFs) to adsorb Cu(II) was increased by doping of PA. Compared with the Cl-doped PAni NFs, PA-doped PAni NFs has higher adsorption capacity for Cu(II). Cai et al.[28] prepared magnetic composites by modified PA and used it to adsorb Mg(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II). The study found that the materials showed excellent adsorption performance for these metal ions. These studies show that the introduction of PA will have a greatly impact on the adsorption performance of adsorption materials based on its strong ability to chelate with various metal ions.