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Carbon Nanotubes as Sensors in Food and Agricultural Applications
Published in Soney C. George, Jacob Philip, Ann Rose Abraham, A. K. Haghi, Carbon Nanotubes for Energy and Environmental Applications, 2023
Binila K. Korah, Anu Rose Chacko, Sneha Mathew, Beena Mathew
Phthalocyanines are compounds with excellent capabilities, such as electrical properties and accommodation of different metal ions including Ni2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+. There are several studies reported on the use of metal phthalocyanines and porphyrins along with MWCNTs for the detection of pesticides.102–104 Electrocatalytic detection of amitrole carried out by Siswana et al. explains the successful application of graphite electrode modified with MWCNTs and iron (II) tetra-aminophthalocyanine (MPc) with a detection limit of 0.5 nmol/L. The proposed electrode does not show any interference from other pesticides. Simultaneous detection of two pesticides, amitrole and diuron was possible by using GCE modified with iron (II) tetra-aminophthalocyanine – SWCNT (Figure 6.4). All the chemical species involved helped in enhancing the electrocatalytic oxidation of amitrole and diuron.
Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds: Structure-Activity Relationships
Published in Barbara W. Henderson, Thomas J. Dougherty, Photodynamic Therapy, 2020
Benoît Paquette, Johan E. van Lier
The photodynamic properties of phthalocyanines (Pc) and their potential as second-generation photosensitizers for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer has been reviewed on several occasions [1–7]. Aspects that have been addressed include their synthesis and purity, photophysical and photochemical properties, in vitro and in vivo phototoxicity, as well as their action mechanisms. Although many of these aspects remain only partially understood and would merit further elaboration, this review will focus on an aspect that has received less attention, namely the correlation between molecular dynamics, pharmacokinetics, and PDT outcome. In this context we will retrace our knowledge of the relationship between structural modifications of phthalocyanines and their photodynamic efficacy, particularly the effect of macroring substituents and central metal ions on plasma distribution pattern and systemic and intra-tumoral distribution pattern. The basic structural requirements of Pc to function as efficient photosensitizers in the photodegradation of biomolecular targets will be reviewed briefly.
Production and Characterization of Nanoparticle Dispersions of Organic Semiconductors for Potential Applications in Organic Electronics
Published in James E. Morris, Krzysztof Iniewski, Nanoelectronic Device Applications Handbook, 2017
Muhammad Hassan Sayyad, Fazal Wahab, Munawar Ali Munawar, Muhammad Shahid, Jamil Anwar Chaudry, Khaulah Sulaiman, Zubair Ahmad, Abdullah Mohamed Asiri
Phthalocyanines represent a large family of organic semiconducting materials with high chemical and thermal stability. Using these compounds, numerous organic electronic devices have been fabricated. The interaction of various analytes with the surfaces of the thin films of these compounds produces reversible changes in their physical properties. By measuring these changes using different technologies, such as electrical, optical, and so on, their potential for numerous sensors has been studied.
Pyridine-bridged cobalt tetra-aminophthalocyanine to active peroxymonosulphate for efficient degrading carbamazepine
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Zhiguo Shang, Zhexin Zhu, Gangqiang Wang, Wangyang Lu, Bingyao Wu, Qijian Li
Metal phthalocyanine is a conjugated macrocyclic compound composed of four symmetric isoindole units. According to the Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) theory of chemical reactions, Metal phthalocyanine molecules have the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) [18]. Therefore, metal phthalocyanine can be used as a catalyst for catalytic oxidation reactions by central metal ion electron transfer through coordination with reactants. The catalytic performance in phthalocyanine is affected by the change of the type of central metal ions, the change of peripheral substituent groups and the change of conjugation caused by polyphthalocyanine [19,20]. So, a suitable ligand was proposed to graft the phthalocyanine molecule as a ‘bridge’ to link other phthalocyanine molecules, to change the number and electron cloud density of the molecule active sites.
Synthesis of phthalocyanine complexes carrying caffeic acid groups: increasing photovoltaic performance by doping silver nanoparticles
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Derya Güngördü Solğun, Abdullah Özkartal, Mehmet Salih Ağırtaş
Phthalocyanines are compounds belonging to the class of colored macrocyclics that exhibit unique chemical properties that are found in numerous applications. These properties are the reason why it is used for applications such as solar cells, sensors, and energy storage. It is expected to gain value for the production of qualified materials in the future due to its easy synthesis and wide functional functions (Gounden, Nombona, and Zyl 2020). One of the main goals of this study is to obtain the material consisting of phthalocyanines with the desired photovoltaic properties for solar cells. One of the most effective advantages of phthalocyanines for DSSCs is their long-term stability. In addition, they are practical and can be obtained more economically.
Metallo-phthalocyanines containing triazole substituents: Synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysicochemical properties
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Ümit Demirbaş, Dilek Öztürk, Hakkı Türker Akçay, Mahmut Durmuş, Emre Menteşe, Halit Kantekin
Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are macrocyclic molecules with structures very similar to the porphyrin ring. They differ from porphyrins in that they contain four benzo subunits and four nitrogen atoms in the meso positions [10]. About 70 elements, including metalloids such as boron and germanium, can coordinate with phthalocyanines [11]. Pcs show aromatic properties due to their planar conjugated 18-π electron system [12]. Phthalocyanines are effectively used as photosensitizer agents in PDT because of their strong absorbance in the 600–800 nm region, non-toxicity when there is no light irradiation and destroy tumor tissues by producing high singlet oxygen or radicals [13–15].