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Common Sense Emergency Response
Published in Robert A. Burke, Common Sense Emergency Response, 2020
Aluminum phosphide. Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a binary salt. These salts have the specific hazard of giving off poisonous and pyrophoric phosphine gas when in contact with moist air, water, or steam. They will also ignite spontaneously on contact with air. This compound is composed of gray or dark yellow crystals and is a dangerous fire risk. Aluminum phosphide decomposes on contact with water and has a specific gravity of 2.85, which is heavier than water. The 4-digit identification number is 1397. The NFPA 704 designation is Health 4, Flammability 4, and Reactivity 2. The white section at the bottom of the diamond has a W with a slash through it, indicating water reactivity. Aluminum phosphide is used in insecticides, fumigants, and semiconductor technology.
Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a binary salt. These salts have the specific hazard of giving off poisonous and pyrophoric phosphine gas when in contact with moist air, water or steam. They will also ignite spontaneously in contact with air. This compound is composed of gray or dark yellow crystals and is a dangerous fire risk. Aluminum phosphide decomposes when in contact with water and has a specific gravity of 2.85, which is heavier than water. The 4-digit identification number is 1397. The NFPA 704 designation is health—4, flammability—4 and reactivity—2. The white section at the bottom of the diamond has a “W” with a slash through it, indicating water reactivity. Aluminum phosphide is used in insecticides, fumigants and semiconductor technology.
Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Inhaled phosphine gas (PH3, a grain fumigant) and ingested metal phosphides cause pulmonary edema, CNS depression, toxic myocarditis, and circulatory collapse. Victims who survive these immediate reactions suffer liver injury (fatty degeneration and necrosis) and acute renal tubular necrosis. Unlike its analog arsine, phosphine is not hemolytic. Enzymatic mechanisms of toxicity are not known. Ingested metal phosphide (from which phosphine is generated) causes intense GI irritation followed by degenerative and necrotizing lesions of the liver, kidney, and heart. Death is often due either to cariogenic shock or pulmonary edema.
Heavy metals in municipal waste: the content and leaching ability by waste fraction
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2019
Zinc compounds are often found in spent batteries [29]: as an anode in zinc-air, alkaline, silver-oxide, and silver-zinc batteries or as electrolyte zinc chloride and zinc casing used in zinc-carbon and zinc-chloride batteries. A new source of zinc is waste nickel-zinc batteries from electric vehicles. Besides, many polymers contain zinc salts to avoid excess generation of chlorine and chlorides. Zinc compounds can be also detected in used office appliances and condensers of electrical devices. Zinc sulfate and zinc phosphide are widely used in cosmetics, medicines, and pesticides. Interestingly, Prechthai [30] reported relatively high zinc concentrations in food waste. High water-solubility of these zinc compounds results in their easy release into the environment. It also must be noted that zinc phosphide reacts with water to produce the toxic gas phosphine.