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Biobased Acrylic Adhesives
Published in A. Pizzi, K. L. Mittal, Handbook of Adhesive Technology, 2017
Cardanol (Figure 15.10) is a phenolic lipid that is derived from cashew nutshell liquid. There are several examples of its use in the synthesis of f ree-radically polymerizable acrylates. John and Pillai synthesized cardanol acrylate. The resultant polyacrylate polymer showed the ability to cross-link in the presence of ambient oxygen due to the autoxidation of the allylic groups on the lipid side chain [25]. This technology can be used as a drying agent for acrylic-based adhesives. Liu and coworkers synthesized multifunctional acrylate oligomers using cardanol and biodegradable diols as starting materials [26]. These oligomers can be UV cured, and the polymers formed give better hardness, adhesion strength, and acid resistance when compared with commercially available polyester acrylates.
Molecular self-assembly of copolymer from renewable phenols: new class of antimicrobial ointment base
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Denial Mahata, Santi M. Mandal
Phenolic lipids are a subclass of plant phenolics, obtained from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) during processing of cashew nut. Cardanol is one of the major constituents of double vacuum distillate CNSL in which phenolic ring is attached with C-15 long lipid chain, chemically known as meta-pentadecenyl phenol. As it has weak amphiphilic nature due to phenolic hydrophilic groups and lipidic hydrophobic chain, can be easily chemically modified into strong amhiphiles. John et al. synthesized various cardanol based amphiphilic molecules and self-assembled to supramolecular advanced nanomaterials such as liquid crystals, nano/micro fibers, tubes, gels, surfactants or other advanced materials [25, 26]. They prepared well ordered self-assembled liquid crystalline gels from cardanyl glycolipid incorporation of highly hydrophilic sugar moiety in cardanol in aqueous medium [27]. The self-assembled structures were varied from twisted fibre to coils to tube shape morphology with saturated and unsaturated lipid chain (triene, diene, monoene) of cardanol. The saturated and only monoene structure of lipids strongly influenced the morphology of nanostructures. Furthermore, self-assembly of saturated and monoene lipid chain of cardanyl glycolipid mixture (80:20) showed twisted ribbon-shaped nanostructures. As the chemical structure of cardanol similar to most commonly used industrial or household surfactant linear alkyl benzene or nonyl phenol, therefore it could be chemically modified to reduce the surface tension of solution. Tayman and their coworker prepared biodegradable surfactants from cardanol based polyethoxylate with a variation of ethylene-oxy units [28]. Moreover, N-cardanyl tauramide (amino sulfonic acid) is a potential thermo-responsible reversible surfactant which posse’s micellular to vesicular transformation upon heating from room temperature to 45° C. This phenomenon facilitated during the re-assembly of shorter kinked and longer extended alkyl chains interlocked in a hydrophobic bilayer arrangement [29]. Therefore, the self-assembly behavior of cardanol derivatives has attracted substantial interest in the field of pharmaceutical applications from drug delivery to therapeutics. Lalitha et al. synthesized supramolecular fibre aggregated organogel from cardanol derived coumarin- pyrene derivatives, used for fbroblast and PC3 prostate cancer cell imaging applications [30]. These self-assembled materials provide a promising platform for direct cell imaging and disease therapeutics.