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High-Energy Ultrasonic Treatment for Wood Processing
Published in Voichita Bucur, Acoustics of Wood, 2017
On the assumption that fibers are isotropic infinite cylinders, Habeger and Baum (1983) reported some interesting theoretical investigations about the fundamental mechanism that governs ultrasonic propagation in fiber slurries. Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation were measured and an apparatus was designed for the characterization of fiber suspension. Better quantitative results have been predicted for synthetic fiber system than for wood fibers. Indeed, the use of the high-energy ultrasonic treatment could cause one to question the changes in morphology or the chemical properties of wood fibers. When a 1-h treatment and 5 to 6 W/cm2 were applied to suspensions of dissolving pulp, Dolgin et al. (1968) reported several modifications: slightly reduced (5 to 8%) degree of polymerization of cellulose; slightly reduced (5 to 12%) pentosan and lignin content of pulp; 50% reduction in the consumption of chloride for bleaching. However, when relatively low energy is used, the treatment is unbiased by the morphology and chemical properties of fibers (Wang and Micko, 1985).
Hydrophobe Modified Cationic Polysaccharides for Topical Microbicide Delivery
Published in Raphael M. Ottenbrite, Sung Wan Kim, Polymeric Drugs & Drug Delivery Systems, 2019
George L. Brode, Gustavo F. Doncel, John E. Kemnitzer
Specific polyanions such as dextran sulfate (DS) appear to exhibit strong anti-HIV activity in vitro [36,37]. Human oral administration of DS is poorly absorbed, but intravaneous administration does result in increased plasma lipolytic activity [38]. Polyanions that have been considered for intravaginal anti-HIV activity include DS, carrageenan, heparin, heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, fucoidan chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, and PAVAS [21,22,39,40].
Effective removal of Rhodamine B using the hydrothermal carbonization and citric acid modification of furfural industrial processing waste
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Xiao Li, Qi Zhu, Kai Pang, Ze Lang
Agricultural biomass waste has been regarded as sustainable use of a resource [16]. Furfural residue (FR) is a solid waste resulting from the hydrolysis of pentosan-rich biomass (such as corn cobs, corn stovers, and rice husks) to produce furfural. The main components are lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and volatile organic compounds [17–20], and about 70% of the furfural in the world is yielded in China [21]. The production of 1 ton of furfural produces about 12–15 tons of furfural residue [22], and the annual output can reach 7.8 million tons [23]. The efficient use of furfural residues can turn waste into treasure, it can also be used as a biomass adsorbent to treat wastewater because of its high carbon content. An economic analysis with a rate of return (ROR) method showed that biomass carbon using agricultural biomass wastes can be used as an eco-friendly, low-cost, versatile, and high adsorption capacity alternative to commercial activated carbon [24], it can also be used as a biomass adsorbent to treat wastewater. It has been demonstrated that the preparation of biomass carbon using agricultural biomass wastes such as corn straw [25], walnut shells [26], pig manure [27], watermelon rinds [28] and canola stalks [29]as better adsorption performance on pollutants in wastewater.
A new methodology for the production of furfural as a renewable energy source from bagasse in acidic aqueous media
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2018
M. Yazdizadeh, M. R. Jafari Nasr, A. K. Safekordi
From the viewpoint of reaction kinetics, furfural production can be considered as a two-step process. First is the hydrolysis of pentosan (xylan) to xylose (pentose) and second is the conversion of xylose to furfural. According to this, it seems that the acid, which is used as the catalyst, can play the catalyst role in the both above-mentioned steps. Hence, the reaction rate in both stages and finally the intensity of furfural production is expected to show a dramatic increase with an increase in the amount of catalyst consumption (Wandian et al., 2013).
Furfuryl resin/CNT/carbon fiber drilling, using carbide drill coated with Balinit-Helica
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2020
Sarah David-Müzel, Eduardo Pires Bonhin, Marcos Valério Ribeiro, Edson Cocchieri Botelho, Manoel Cléber de Sampaio Alves
Within this search, the furfuryl resin emerged, which comes from the furfural alcohol obtained from abundant pentosan biomass, such as sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, corn cob, among others.[12,13] Furfuryl resin is an ecologically correct alternative to phenolic resin.[13]