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Refrigerants
Published in Vasile Minea, Industrial Heat Pump-Assisted Wood Drying, 2018
HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane) is a hydrofluorocarbon without chlorine, nearly non-toxic, with no ODP and practically nonbiodegradable with a lifetime of 7.2 years when it eventually does escape into the atmosphere. Compared with HFC-134a, it has lower pressures at the same temperature levels (Wang et al. 2000). However, the GWP value of HFC-245fa is relatively high (858) (i.e., 858 times the global warming effect of CO2). As a refrigerant, HFC-245fa provides comparable and, in some cases, improved performance in high-temperature heat pumps developed, for example, for industrial wood drying (Minea 2004), to reheat circulating water or to generate steam from waste heat available at 50°C–60°C.
Numerical and experimental investigation of liquid blowing agent and pentane blowing agent effects on the insulation of a household refrigerator
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2021
Gizem Duru, Dilek Kumlutaş, Hasan Avci, Utku Alp Yücekaya, Özgün Özer
In the literature, the investigations on the blowing agents related with the heat transfer are generally made using experimental methods with polyurethane samples. Zhang et al. studied 5 PU samples formed by different blowing agents of CP (cyclopentane), CP + IP (cyclopentane + isopentane), CP + 245fa (cyclopenmettane + pentafluoropropane), CP + 245fa with lower gas pressure and CP + 245fa + LBA (cyclopenmettane + pentafluoropropane + liquid blowing agent) which are composed of HFC and HFO. Thermal conductivities were measured using a transient plane source method under various environmental conditions like long time storage, high & low temperature, and humidity. As a result of the study, the effects of all types of blowing agents' thermal performance on PU foam samples were revealed (Zhang et al. 2017).