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Sealants, Insulation and Barriers and How to Install Them
Published in Stan Harbuck, Donna Harbuck, Residential Energy Auditing and Improvement, 2021
Spray foam is especially appropriate in areas where there are significant temperature fluctuations, such as unconditioned spaces like basements and attics. Spray foam is available in either one-part or two-part formula.
Efficient Building Operation
Published in Scott Offermann, Creating a Strategic Energy Reduction Plan, 2020
Spray foam roofing is polyurethane foam that is applied to the roof with a sprayer and then covered with a elastomeric protective coating. When applied the liquid expands approximately thirty times the original volume. The benefit of spray foam is higher insulation factor along with a single monolithic application, reducing roof leakage through seams in other systems.
Observations of energy consumption and IEQ in a ‘Tiny House’
Published in Building Research & Information, 2020
The simple box-like shape of the TH contributes to the ease of achieving low infiltration levels. In addition, numerous methods to reduce infiltration in the TH such as the use of tapes, gaskets, spray foam and caulking to create airtight barriers can be used (US DOE, 2011).
On site comparison of the OSHA 42, Asset EZ4-NCO, Iso-Chek, DAN and CIP10 methods for measuring toluene diisocyanate (TDI) at a polyurethane foam factory
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2020
Simon Aubin, El Mekki Hamdi, Audrey Joly, Philippe Sarazin, Jacques Lesage, Livain Breau, Mark Spence, Sébastien Gagné
Current and recognized methods that adequately measure airborne isocyanates involve an in-situ stabilization, via chemical derivatization, during sampling followed by a laboratory procedure using liquid chromatography instrumentation (Henneken et al. 2007). The chemical and physical properties of the diisocyanate emissions observed in industrial processes require effective sampling methodologies. Thus, in exposure scenarios to be evaluated, the physical phase should be anticipated to ascertain whether the method used will efficiently collect the vapor or particulate phase, or both, of the diisocyanates. Over the last decades, the absorption of vapor and particles by a collecting solution in an impinger has been replaced by the so-called “dry methods” using a filter impregnated with a selected derivatization reagent (Guglya 2000; Streicher et al. 2000; Ashley et al. 2002; Henneken et al. 2007), usually a secondary amine. Studies linked isocyanate chemical and physical forms to sampling efficiencies and analytical recoveries and the main determinants were reactivity, particle-size distribution, and physical phases (Guglya 2000; Streicher et al. 2000; Ashley et al. 2002; Henneken et al. 2007). The limitations of dry methods were revealed for some applications, especially the spraying of fast-curing isocyanate species such as MDI-based polyurethane insulation spray foam (Lesage et al. 2007). A now well-established method using a denuding device followed by an end-filter (Asset EZ4-NCO) has been assumed to be efficient for the vast majority of the diisocyanate exposure scenarios (Marand et al. 2005; International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 2008a) although a comparison study for the polyurethane MDI insulation spray foam (Puscasu et al. 2015) revealed an underestimation of MDI compared to an impinger method (−72%). A novel approach using the Capteur Individuel de Polluants (CIP10), a sampling device based on the principle of centrifugation using a collecting solution of 1,2 methoxyphenylpiperazine (MP) in tributylphosphate (TBP), was implemented to circumvent impinger limitations and demonstrated an almost perfect agreement compared to impinger method for fast-reacting particles (Puscasu et al. 2014; Puscasu et al. 2015). In 2006, Streicher, Bello, Woskie, and Grote patented (Streicher et al. 2006) the use of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) to measure TRIG in a sample. All the isocyanate moieties present in the sample can be converted to the one, single derivative, perimidone (Bello et al. 2013; Bello and Streicher 2013). Puscasu et al. (2017) then used DAN in a CIP10M sampler for MDI exposure scenarios but DAN’s use on impregnated filter has never been published. Moreover, use of the CIP10 and DAN methods has never been reported in TDI exposure scenarios.