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The Advantages and Versatility of Carrier-Free Nanodrug and Nanoparticle Systems for Cancer Therapy
Published in Loutfy H. Madkour, Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment, 2022
Among other anticancer agents suffering from poor water solubility, pemetrexed (PEM) is an antimetabolite agent exhibiting anticancer activity by inhibiting multiple folate-related enzymes, such as thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. It was approved by the FDA in 2004 for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma and in 2008 for non-small-cell lung cancer [441]. Bortezomib (BTZ) contains a boronic acid moiety and is approved by the FDA to treat multiple myeloma by targeting proteasomes [442]. Sorafenib (SRF) is a novel small-molecule multi-kinase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of renal cell, liver, and thyroid cancers. SRF has a water-repelling heavy ring structure [443]. Another chemotherapeutic drug, methotrexate (MTX), is a FA antagonist and exerts its effect by interfering with DNA, RNA, and protein formation [444]. MTX is used in cervical, colorectal, lung, and breast cancers as well as leukemia and osteosarcoma [445,446]. BTZ, SRF, and MTX are similarly having low water solubility with 53.2 μg/mL, 1.7 μg/mL, and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively [447–449].
Malignant pleural mesothelioma: Presentation of a case report
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Omer Aamir, Khurram Minhas, Khwaja Ajmal, Iftikhar Ahmad
It has been recommended that the decision of a particular clinical intervention (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or any combination of them) for the management of MPM should be correlated with the individual patient values and the local circumstances [1,23] . In particular, multimodality therapeutic approach comprising of surgery followed by radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy has shown limited survival benefit [8]. Specifically, the recommended first line chemotherapy agents are pemetrexed and cisplatin, while gemcitabine and carboplatin may be used as second line agents [7,24[25]–26] . Carboplatin has been accepted as an alternative to cisplatin and, more importantly, may be better tolerated in the elderly patients [27,28] .
Effective lung cancer diagnosis using multi-focus fusion of CT and PET images with deep learning strategies
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2023
Bhagya Lakshmi Nandipati, Nagaraju Devarakonda
Among the most prevalent malignancies that pose a threat to a man's health is lung cancer. Internationally, lung cancer's occurrence rate and fatal outcome remain at their highest levels, improving yearly [1]. Lung cancer is distinguished by a very heterogeneous malignant epithelial tumour with distinct pathological characteristics and medical behaviour [2]. Adenocarcinoma of the lung (LUADC) and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (LUSC) are responsible for 50% and 40%, respectively, of instances of non-small cell lung cancer [3,4]. Scagliotti et al. found, for example, that pemetrexed greatly increased the total life and treatment-free life of LUADC when combined with docetaxel, but it had the opposite effect on LUSC [5].
Delivery of pemetrexed by magnetic nanoparticles: design, characterization, in vitro and in vivo assessment
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Güliz Ak, Didem Aksu, Eda Çapkın, Özge Sarı, Ilgın Kımız Geboloğlu, Şenay Hamarat Şanlıer
Pemetrexed (PEM) is a chemotherapeutic drug as a folate analog used in many cancer types namely non-small cell lung cancer, malignant mesotheliomas, head, neck, ovary, prostate, breast, uterine cervix.[16,17] It inhibits thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase to resist the synthesis of nucleotides.[18]