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Absorption, Penetration, and Cutaneous Toxicity of Jet Fuels and Hydrocarbon Components
Published in Mark L. Witten, Errol Zeiger, Glenn D. Ritchie, Jet Fuel Toxicology, 2010
James E. Riviere, Alfred O. Inman, Nancy Monteiro-Riviere
Several compounds with the potential to inhibit the toxic effects of jet fuels and constituent hydrocarbons were investigated. Substance P (Sar9, Met (O2)11), an antagonist of neurokinin receptor NK1, was found to decrease IL-8 release from HEK following exposure to JP-8 (Monteiro-Riviere et al., 2004). This is consistent with earlier studies in the lung (Harris et al., 1997, 2000; Robledo and Witten, 1999) in which the pulmonary and immunotoxic effects of JP-8 or tetradecane following inhalation were paradoxically reduced with exposure to Substance P. Inman et al. (2008) studied the effectiveness of the inhibitors parthenolide, isohelenin, Substance P, SB 203580, and recombinant human IL-10 on reducing the cytotoxic effects of neat JP-8, S-8, and the constituent aliphatic hydrocarbons pentadecane, tetradecane, tridecane, and undecane in HEK. The synthetic fuel S-8, an alternative to JP-8, is a clean-burning fuel made up of a complex mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons. IL-8 production was suppressed a minimum of 30% following concurrent treatment with each inhibitor. However parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone that is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB, was the most effective inhibitor of IL-8. Parthenolide caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in viability in HEK exposed to JP-8 and S-8 (Figure 7.1), and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in IL-8 release in the jet fuels and hydrocarbons (Figure 7.2). S-8 toxicity was similar to undecane but significantly (p < 0.05) less than JP-8. This study raises the possibility that inhibiting NF-κB in vitro may reduce hydrocarbon inflammation in vivo.
The anticancer, anti-oxidant, and antibacterial activities of chitosan-lecithin-coated parthenolide/tyrosol hybrid nanoparticles
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Hussein Maan Hassan Bahrani, Maryam Ghobeh, Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi
Investigating the safe and efficient anticancer compound has attracted researchers to study the bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants and design the proper bio-compatible delivery systems to improve their biological halftime and bio-accessibility. Several herbal-based anticancer extracts or compounds have been utilized for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, such as Achillea millefolium, Calendula officinalis [10], curcumin [11] and crocin [12]. Herein, the bioactive compound of feverfew plant, parthenolide (PLT), was selected due to its highlighted anti-inflammatory property [13,14] and its bonding potential for interacting with biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. A methylene-lactone ring in the Parthenolide structure increases the chance of interaction with nucleophilic sites of biological molecules [15]. Also, the anticancer activity of parthenolide has been proven by Penthala et al. [16]. On the other hand, Tyrosol (TYR) was selected to be encapsulated along with PLT due to its chemical structure. Moreover, TYR has been reported as an efficient antibacterial compound for inhibiting E. coli and S. aureus [17].