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The Chemical Work of Biosynthesis
Published in Jean-Louis Burgot, Thermodynamics in Bioenergetics, 2019
Fatty acids change according to their chain-length and by the extent of their insaturation, should an insaturation happens. As examples of fatty acids, let us mention laurate (C12), palmitate (C16), stearate (C18) for the ions and the bases of saturated ones, palmitoleate base of the palmitoleic acid CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH (cis derivative) and oleate (oleic acid CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH - cis derivative). Triglycerides are extremely concentrated forms of stored energy. (Recall that in mammals, the sites in which triacylglycerols accumulate themselves the most, are adipocytes).
A review of microalgal cell wall composition and degradation to enhance the recovery of biomolecules for biofuel production
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Syafiqah Md Nadzir, Norjan Yusof, Norazela Nordin, Azlan Kamari, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff
The fatty acid compositions in microalgae vary depending on the species and culture conditions [47,48,50–57]. The lipid yield and composition of fatty acids for several microalgae species are presented in Table 2. It is observed that most microalgae species are able to produce more than 28% lipid, except Nannochloropsis gaditana [50]. The lipid yields were predominantly high when microalgae were cultured under nitrogen-depleted conditions, as in C. vulgaris, S. obliquus, and Nannochloropsis oceanica [42,44,47,51,53,58]. Following palmitic acid (C16:0) are stearic acid (C18:0), myristic acid (C14:0), arachidic acid (C18:0), and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) among the saturated fatty acids detected in microalgal species (Table 2). In contrast, monounsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) have been commonly identified in C. vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp., and N. gaditana. The presence of heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) was discovered when S. obliquus was grown in both nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich and -deprived environments [49]. Commonly found polyunsaturated fatty acids in Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. are linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) [47,48,51–54,56,57].
Investigation of phyco-remediation of road salt run-off with marine microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
The predominant fatty acids identified in the analysis were palmitic acid (16:0) and palmitoleic acid (16:1) irrespective of the media concentrations. Long-chain fatty acid (>C16) accounted over 90% with less than 5% relatively short-chain fatty acids (<C14) of the total fatty acid in both media. Over 90% of C16 and around 3–4% of C18 were detected in the biomass obtained by the cultivation in the reef salt media. Around 67% of C16 and around 20% of C18 were detected in the biomass obtained in the road salt media. Presence of C16 and C18 levels are used as the indicator for the selection of the biomass for the feed stock for biofuel [41].