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Spatial Planning and Exergy – Design and Optimization
Published in Evanthia A. Nanaki, George Xydis, Exergetic Aspects of Renewable Energy Systems, 2019
PEM electrolysis, on the other hand, is nowadays considered the best solution regarding a large variety of applications. Its operating principle is based on the use of a polymer electrolyte which is pressed between two electrodes, and immersed into pure water of low conductivity. The anode catalyst is usually Iridium (Ir) while Platinum (Pt) or Lead (Pb) is used in the cathode. Through the application of Direct Current (DC), oxygen evolution takes place at the anode. The hydrogen ions are transported to cathode across the polymer electrolyte where hydrogen is generated. The main advantages of PEM electrolysis are production of high purity gas, high efficiency, compact design, and safer operation due to the absence of liquid electrolyte [Millet and Grigoriev, 2013]. A hydrogen system also includes the storage process which can be accomplished with three methods: As a gas in compressed cylinders, as liquid in special low temperature tanks, and as solid stored in metal hydride canisters.
Energy Storage Based on Hydrogen
Published in Alfred Rufer, Energy Storage, 2017
For the PEM electrolysis, an ion exchange membrane is used that serves simultaneously as electrolyte and as separator between the two electrodes. The ion exchange membranes are composed of organic polymers on which ionogenic groups are transplanted (sulfonic acid, SO3H; carboxylic acid, COOH; or ammonium hydroxide, NR3OH).
Parametric analysis of water electrolysis by dual electrolytes and cells
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2019
Ming-Yuan Lin, Lih-Wu Hourng, Kai-Lin Chiou
PEM water electrolysis is one of the most efficient methods for the production of hydrogen because of produced high purity of the gases and environmentally friendly. PEM electrolysis is a viable alternative for generation of hydrogen from renewable energy sources (Frano 2005; Kumar et al. 2018). The energy generated for proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is lower than that of combined heat and power probably due to the fact that the gasification process produces a clean syngas (H2, CO, and CH4) but PEM fuel cell uses the energy of hydrogen gas for power generation (Li et al. 2017). A finite-time-thermodynamic analysis is conducted to evaluate the performance of a PEM system integrated with a Rankine cycle based on the concept of exergy. The integration of PEM electrolyzer enhances the exergy efficiency of the Rankine cycle, considerably (Faeze et al. 2018).
Thermodynamic and exergoeconomic analyses of a novel solar-based externally fired biomass combined cycle with hydrogen production
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2023
Anahita Moharamian, Tohid Adibi, Mohammad Ali Ghahremani, Saeed Soltani, Marc A. Rosen, S. M. S. Mahmoudi
In the PEM electrolyzer, the electrolysis of water occurs in a cell that has a solid polymer electrolyte, which permits the conduction of protons, the separation of product gases, and the electrical insulation of the electrodes (Carmo et al. 2013). The PEM electrolyzer was introduced to solve the problem of low current density, partial load, and low-pressure operation currently affecting alkaline electrolyzers (Carmo et al. 2013). One of the important advantages of PEM electrolysis is it can be applied at high current densities (Carmo et al. 2013). This reduces operational costs, especially for systems integrated with wind and solar systems because they are dynamic energy sources and sudden peaks in energy input can lead to lost energy.